As you can learn from any shopkeeper of steels and alloys, steel 10 is a low-carbon structural quality. This is what it is called in all technical documentation, but sometimes its name is abbreviated in another way, namely ST 10. But somehow its name - both full and abbreviated - tells us a lot.
It is worth starting with the fact that in the name of the brand the number 10 is indicated for no reason. Anyone who is even briefly acquainted with the Soviet system of GOSTs, it immediately becomes clear that the number 10 in this case indicates the percentage of the main alloying element in the steel. As is clear from the technical explanation, in this case it is carbon (C).
Also from the name we become aware of the main purpose of this particular brand. Structural are those steels that are directly intended for the manufacture of various kinds of structures, as well as various mechanisms and parts for them.
Steel 10 - GOST
Among the entire variety of different alloys, grade 10 steel is not at all distinguished by the variety of additives in the composition. However, even such a simple steel has them, which is why it is worth getting acquainted with them. So, steel 10 and its ligature composition in percent:
- carbon 0.07-0.14;
- chrome - up to 0.15;
- silicon - 0.17-0.37;
- nickel - up to 0.25;
- phosphorus - up to 0.035;
- manganese - 0.35-0.65;
- copper - up to 0.25;
- arsenic - up to 0.08;
- sulfur - up to 0.04.
Steel 10: specifications
What are they? Based on the composition, it becomes clear that steel 10 (in comparison with a number of other alloys) does not differ in special hardness and strength. This is true, however, for industrial structural steel this is not a minus. On the contrary, for a steel structure subject to high loads, plasticity will be a fundamental quality, which is why alloying elements contain additives that slightly reduce the final hardness, and as a result, the brittleness of the resulting alloy.
Among other things, such tricks have a number of additional beneficial effects on the alloy. For example, steel 10 is not completely prone to temper brittleness. This means that even when using steel at elevated temperatures, its strength characteristics, namely impact strength, will either remain unchanged or increase slightly. It is precisely because of this property that it and steel similar to it are often used for, for example, the pipeline of boilers, where a temperature environment is aggressive with respect to steel.
The next positive property of this steel grade is resistance to internal defects, such as flocken. Due to the homogeneous structure, the final product, even under the influence of high loads, will not be prone to cracking, chipping and cracking.
And last, but not least, is the weldability of 10th grade steel . For a structural alloy, this property is no less important than its strength, because most steel structures are assembled precisely on a welded joint, which means that the strength of such a joint must be maximum and the weldability of steel plays an important role in this.
Analogs
It is not surprising that steel so simple in its “recipe” is not the only one of its kind. In addition to the Soviet brand 10, such alloys are widely used in other countries, but under other names. As an example:
- United States of America - M1010, M1012, C 1010;
- Europe - 1,1121, 210, 10;
- Japan - S10C, SASM1, S12C.
As you can see, there are quite a few steel 10 analogues worldwide.
Application
So where is this type of steel used? In fact, if you do not take into account the numerous analogues and substitutes of steel 10, then it is used literally at any enterprise in its various variations, be it a sheet, strip, tape, rods of various calibers, square and hexagons of various sections, as well as channels, beams, wire and pipes of different diameters.