What do we know about science called rhetoric? Why is it not in the modern education system? What does she teach? These questions can be answered simply - the lessons of rhetoric teach us speech skills. But what will the classes consist of? What new can you learn? Classes will greatly expand the circle of your knowledge, will fix in memory many new terms that will be extremely useful. One of these is the entimem. Is it just a phrase or a complex philosophical term? Let's sort it out in order.
Oratory
Or, to put it scientifically - rhetoric, positions itself as a philological discipline, which gives us general concepts about the construction of artistic and competent speech. This area of knowledge originated in ancient Greece and was closely associated with spelling and other humanities. Nowadays, rhetoric and oratory courses are not embedded in grammar rules and punctuation. They enable a person to skillfully, deftly and timely express their thoughts, correctly build proposals and interest the interlocutor. Separately, it is worth noting that the lessons of rhetoric are also the development of logical thinking, the improvement of memory and orientation in any situation.
What does this give a person?
Regarding some people, we often say: "His tongue is well suspended." We mean that such a person will always find something to say, answer any tricky question and get out of even the most difficult situation only with the help of verbal signals. Do you want to do the same for you? Attend rhetoric and oratory classes. At first glance, it seems that this is another seminar in which people are "bred" and released empty-handed. But if you find the right teacher for yourself, things will immediately go uphill. We even note that, moreover, such lessons help people cope with the fear of speaking in public and making public speeches, they unchain, influence personal growth and reveal all talents.
We briefly familiarized ourselves with the basic science, in the framework of which there are multiple philological and logical terms, including entimeme. This means that we can proceed to discuss the next question.
What is an entimem?
Have you ever read between the lines? Of course! Each of the people does this daily without noticing it. We “hear” the unspoken words of friends and relatives, we understand what we wanted to say, but did not write specifically in advertising, documents, books, etc. No, this is not intuition, but entimeme. This is evidence, or reasoning, or syllogism, in which the conclusion or premises to it are not formulated, but implied. That is, you can use a lot of extraneous words, arguments that indirectly prove any of the facts that only remotely indicate the truth, but this truth itself is not called. Also called abbreviation is an abbreviated conclusion, in which one of the premises is intentionally omitted, due to its obviousness.
Entity examples
At the initial stage, let's look at the simple phrase "Alekseev is a lawyer, therefore, he is a lawyer." It seems to you that everything is clear here, there is no hidden meaning. But in fact, the main branch of this mini-narrative is missing - "All lawyers are lawyers." It would seem a pun, and so everything is clear. But this is precisely the trick of this term. Now we can consider the classic example of the entimema, which is also simple, but has a slightly surrealistic color: "Jupiter, you are angry - that means you are wrong." To unravel the chain will help the missing link "You are angry because you do not have convincing arguments, as a result, you are wrong." By the way, the roots of this winged expression, again, are buried in ancient Greece. The original version of this phrase was the appeal of Prometheus to Zeus with the words: "You take up lightning instead of an answer, which means you're wrong." Nowadays, its modified version is often used in disputes when one of the parties begins to get too excited.
Types of Entity
Entimema came from syllogism. The second, in turn, is an inference in which there are all three components - the premise of the larger and smaller, as well as the conclusion. For convenience, people began to remove one of these components, as a result of syllogisms became incomplete, although they retained their meaning. Proceeding from this, three forms of entheme formed, which are interpreted as follows:
- Missed a big premise "Alekseev is a lawyer, therefore, he is a lawyer." It does not say that all lawyers are lawyers.
- The smaller premise “All lawyers are lawyers, therefore, Alekseev is a lawyer” is missing. It is not said that Alekseev is a lawyer.
- In the third form, the conclusion “All lawyers are lawyers, Alekseev is a lawyer” is missing. Forgot to say that, therefore, he is a lawyer.
Distribution area
Entimema is what we use always and everywhere. We often express the so-called abbreviated conclusions in everyday speech, communicating with relatives or friends. Entimems "fly off" from our languages in negotiations with colleagues, with superiors, with business partners. But the most pronounced examples of this speech circulation can be found in specially prepared speeches, presentations, public speeches. For example, when a scientific seminar takes place, and its time is strictly limited, the entimeme saves from an overabundance of unnecessary phrases and saves the speaker great time. With its help, you can more compactly express your idea on paper, or briefly convey to an interlocutor a particular thought. But it is worth remembering the most important thing - the entimeme remains only if, having missed one of the components of the conclusion, you retain its true meaning.
Work with the audience
It often happens that a lecturer or just a person leading a seminar brings to the public a lot of reasons. The outcome of each of them is obvious, but it is not voiced by the speakers, but only implied. Thus, the audience independently comes to the conclusion, which is the same for everyone, because it is logical. This is also the essence of the entity, due to which any question can be left open and logically complete at the same time. It is worth noting that we often use this technique in everyday life. Similarly, teachers and teachers communicate with us, we can hear this from colleagues, the boss and even from our personal circle of friends. In other words, the entimeme is what gives you the opportunity to express your thoughts briefly, clearly and without unnecessary rhetoric.
Logic and meaning
Recently, not only rhetoric, but also a science called logic has begun to study this phenomenon. As it turned out, not all syllogisms in which one of the components is missing can be attributed to the discharge of entimems. The fact is that even in a shortened conclusion, the logical, initial meaning should be preserved. That is, if the proposal was affirmative - it should remain so, and vice versa. Consider this with a good example: "Any classic work has an impact on aesthetic development, since it is not a creation of mass culture." This proposal has an affirmative structure, and if we complete it with a negative premise, we will not be able to build the correct syllogism. Such a phenomenon is called an entity, in which there is no logical meaning.
Now, recalling the famous ancient Greek phrase "Jupiter, you are angry - it means that you are wrong", you will know exactly how enthemes are formed. As well as pronouncing or writing down sentences in which there is no one of the logical premises, you will recall that this is exactly the essence of the entity.