The Communion ... What a special part of speech this is! Or a verb form? Or something else? But until now, scientists are heatedly debating about what the same participle is. This resulted in the formation of several points of view on this issue. Let’s try to find out what kind of “participle” is for “fruit”, we will deal with its varieties, and also learn suffixes of participles.
Verb form or part of speech?
To date, there is no consensus among linguists about what should be included in the sacrament. Consider the points of view of famous linguists on this issue.
1. Well-known linguist Bogoroditsky V. A. attributes geriphanence to ... adverbs! But really, there are similarities! For example: I answered QUICKLY (adverb) and I answered DON'T THINKING (participles) - they answer the same question - HOW?
It would seem, without hesitation - the usual dialect of the mode of action, but still it contains a sign of the process, as if adding the main action of the verb ANSWERED.
A very mixed point of view, but everything has a place to be.
2. Such linguists, as Shansky N. M. and Babaitseva V. V., consider the participle as an independent part of speech, however, with the proviso “special”. It, like a noun or an adjective, has a number of features that the rest of the speech does not have. It is independently used in sentences, has its own word-formation schemes. So why not attribute it to parts of speech?
3. Shvedova N. Yu., One of the compilers of Grammar-80, and with it Gvozdev A.N., consider the participle as one of the forms of the verb, unchangeable and non-conjugated. And here we cannot but agree: the “papa" of the participle is a verb. He gave him his signs, his question, gave him a sign of action, albeit additional.
Here are the basic points of view of experienced linguists. And each of them is right in his own way, since germs are a rather complicated form. It is not surprising that many are confused on this issue. In schools, depending on the program, the participle 7th grade is studied, and they relate it to a special verb form or to a part of speech, immediately stipulating that there is still no exact opinion.
Signs of the verb in verbal participles
The most important similarity of the participles with the verb is expressed in the fact that the latter are formed from them. That is, each participle is formed only from verbs and in no other way, and also denotes an action, but not the main, but the additional.
Morphological signs adopted by the participle from verbs:
- Return (the presence of a postfix -SYA).
To decide - making up his mind, to move - moving.
- View (perfect and imperfect).
Run (non-species) - running (non-species);
to think (sov.vid) - to think (sov.vid ).
- Transition (combination with a verb in the accusative case without an excuse):
Cross the street (vin. Pad., No excuse), caress the dog (vin. Pad., No excuse).
That took over the participles from adverbs
As we have already found out, the “father” of the participles is the verb. But an adverb can be called “mother”, it was from these parts of speech that it took signs.
From the adverb, the participles were given:
- The most important thing is immutability. As well as the progenitor, it does not bow or conjugate, and therefore has no ending, even zero.
Speak loudly about (adverb) - speak shouting (participle).
- Adjacency - and that, and the other form has only such a syntactic connection.
How did the imperfect participles form?
The form of such participles is taken from the verb, also, of course, nesov. species, and suffixes are already attached to it. The suffix A (Z) forms an imperfection in the form of imperfection:
Watch - watch, run - run, grumble - grumble.
In the case when the verb has the suffix -BA, such participle will form from the infinitive of the verb:
Justify - justifying, punish - punishing, wringing - wringing.
Some verbs form imperfect adverbs cannot:
- imperfect verbs having the suffix -NU: go out, shout;
- monosyllabic verbs, the basis of which ends in A or I: beat, sleep;
- some verbs simply do not have perfect participles: prick, call, go and others.
Very rarely, we can meet the suffixes of the participles -UCHI or -UCHI. This is an outdated form, but nevertheless is sometimes used in speech.
Being - being, playing - playfully.
Perfect participles
This form is no longer formed from verbs in the present tense, but from the infinitive. The suffixes -B or -INSO or -SHI are added to it:
To do - to do, to rewrite - to rewrite, to eat up - after eating, to bring - having brought.
From reflexive verbs having the suffix -VSH, only reflexive perfect participle is formed.
Proposal role
The participles, like adverbs, always play the role of circumstances in sentences:
Having played enough, I went home. He sat quietly in the room, not disturbing.
It is worth mentioning about such an important construction in the Russian language, which is formed from the participle. This is a participial turnover. Turnover is called participle with words dependent on it.
For example, the participle in itself is solitary, not having anything in subjection. But doing work is already a participial turn, since now the dependent word joins the word doing work .
Students doing the work used text.
It is customary to separate the participle turnover (highlight) with commas on both sides. Regardless of the position of the main word to which it refers. By the way, the main word for the whole turn will be the verb. But the main task of the participle is to supplement the action of the main verb.
The participle revolution, being a very expressive construction, is often used in fiction, decorating speech. For some reason this conversation did not take root in colloquial speech. Probably because of its colorfulness. In life, we try to use simpler sentences.
The participle is a very mysterious thing in the Russian language. We still cannot call it either a part of speech or a form of a verb. But now, knowing all the features, you can choose a scientist’s view that is more suitable for everyone. The sacrament adorns our speech, makes it more perfect, correct. And the use of participles turns any boring text into a real literary work.