The word "fuel oil" in translation from the Arabic language means nothing more than "garbage." This is a fairly accurate definition, since this material belongs to the waste of the oil industry.
General information about fuel oil
The process of producing fuel oil is the distillation of oil after the separation of gasoline, gas oil and kerosene components. Despite the fact that this substance is a waste after the processing of raw material, it occupies a significant niche in the production of fuel. It is also worth noting that the main physico-chemical characteristics of M 40 fuel oil are determined by two factors - the degree of distillation and the composition of the oil.
The product is a mixture of metal-containing organic substances such as hydrocarbons, carbides, carbenes, petroleum resins. Fuel oil has a dense texture of dark brown color. It is also worth noting that according to the degree of distillation of the distillation of this material, it is divided into two types. There are naval motor fuel oils F5, F12 and heating oils M 40, M100.
Brands and Applications
It is important to note that today the most common is fuel oil boiler oil of the M 100 brand. Although the M 40 has higher rates. This is due to the fact that in its composition there is a middle distillate fraction, that is, diesel fuel. It is used as an additive to reduce the pour point of this brand of liquid product. It is also worth noting that fuel oil M 40 wins in such a parameter as the viscosity of the fuel.
A variety of heat generators have become the main area of use for these fuels. Also, this material is used as the main source of heat for various heating systems. It is used as fuel for stationary boilers or industrial furnaces.
Fuel oil production
To obtain heating oil, it is necessary to process the remnants of already used oil. In the production of the M 40 brand, from 8 to 15% of diesel fractions are added to its composition. The use of this substance as an additive reduces the pour point of fuel oil M 40 to 10 degrees Celsius. It is worth noting that such a substance is not added to the M 100 brand. Using various compositions and physico-chemical properties, it has become possible today to produce a substance with a wide variety of characteristics.
There are several parameters by which the final quality of the product will be determined. One of them is the density of fuel oil M 40. The density limits for flue materials are 0.89-1 g / cm 3 . It is important to note that this indicator is determined only at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.
Also, the freezing temperature will become a characteristic of the quality of the fuel. It can range from 10 to 50 degrees Celsius. This indicator also depends on the brand of fuel oil. The exception is naval fuel, the temperature of which is in the range from -10 to -5 degrees. The viscosity parameters of the flue material are measured at an index of 100 degrees and should have a value of from 8 to 80 mm 2 / s.
Physicochemical properties
Fuel oil M 40 and other combustion products have a large number of physical and chemical properties.
They are characterized by a parameter such as kinematic viscosity, which is determined by the ratio of the dynamic viscosity index to the density of the oil product. Also one of these indicators was ash. This parameter indicates the percentage of substances in the composition of the furnace material that are classified as non-combustible. Among other properties, the temperature of solidification, flash, ignition, self-ignition is also distinguished.
We can distinguish another characteristic, which is called the dropping point. This indicator determines the temperature indicator at which the first drop of oil falls in a heated capsule. Also, these properties include thermal oxidation, heat resistance.
Technical parameters of the brand M 40
The characteristics of M 40 fuel oil are very different from those of other fuels.
Conventional viscosity, which is determined at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, applies only to naval fuel oils. In M 40 this indicator is absent. For the same reason, M 40 and M 100 lack the corresponding kinematic viscosity. For these groups, it is determined already at a temperature of 80 degrees Celsius and for fuel oil M 40 is 8.0.
Also from the technical characteristics, two groups of the ash content of the substance can be distinguished. The low-ash group contains not more than 0.04% of the substance. Ash group - not more than 0.12% of the substance. Mass fraction of mechanical impurities that are allowed in the composition of M 40, not more than 0.5%. One of the most important technical characteristics for fuel oil is the water content, which should not exceed 1%. It is worth noting that the flash point in the closed crucible is not observed for the product of the brand M 40, and in the open it is 90 degrees. The price of fuel oil M 40 will be higher than that of M 100, due to the difference in operational characteristics.
Security
The production of both naval and heating oil is carried out in accordance with GOST 10585-99. It also prescribes the rules for acceptance, safety, storage, establishes technical requirements and quality control, etc.
Security measures during storage and operation of fuel oil M 40 (GOST):
- According to this standard, fuel oil is recognized as a low-hazard substance, which in its degree of exposure to the human body belongs to hazard class 4.
- In the working area, the maximum allowable vapor concentration of this substance is 300 mg / m 3.
- Fuel oil irritates the human mucous membrane, and also negatively affects the skin. Prolonged contact with this substance increases the risk of respiratory disease.
- When exposed to various factors or substances at a temperature equal to the environment, fuel oil does not form toxic compounds in air or water.
Acceptance
GOST also establishes acceptance rules for this product.
- You can take fuel oil only in batches. By this concept is meant any quantity of fuel oil that was manufactured during one continuous technological process, and also has uniform quality indicators, which is confirmed by documents.
- If a negative result was obtained after checking the qualitative conformity of the goods or the deviation of at least 1 parameter, it is necessary to conduct repeated additional tests. Results from the reanalysis will apply to the entire batch.
Since fuel oil is most often used for large stationary boilers and other industrial units, it is purchased in tons. The price of fuel oil M 40 per ton is approximately 5,000 to 14,000 rubles. Cost greatly depends on the quality of the process and the product itself. The higher these indicators - the more expensive fuel oil.