How much can you get "3" or, God forbid, "2" just because you still do not understand how to determine the conjugation of verbs? There are many such “banana skins” in Russian that are easy to slip on. The topic "Conjugation of verbs" in Russian is one of the most difficult. We’ll deal with her once and for all. We will not climb into the jungle of science, and we will not need many books either, but some terms will be needed.
The infinitive of the verb, or indefinite form, is the form that is considered to be the initial, initial for all other forms of the word. It is uncertain because it is impossible to recognize from it - neither who performs the action, nor when it produces, nor how many subjects produce it, but it is very useful for determining the conjugation of verbs. "What to do?", "What to do?" - questions of the infinitive.
The face of the verb is an indication of the one who performs the action. For example, the ending (s) indicates that the action is performed by me, that is, on 1 person. But the ending - you (is) - that you are acting, that is, on 2 persons.
Personal endings - the endings of verbs in all three persons.
These beacons will help you deal with basic issues.
What is conjugation of verbs? In Russian, this is a grammatical category that unites all forms of one verb. School grammar usually limits conjugation to face and number forms in the present and future tenses.
It is not necessary to memorize this definition; it is important to understand the following.
How are verbs in Russian distributed by conjugations? The basis for this distribution is the community of personal endings. Let's look at the table to see this.
Personal ending system
| I conjugation | II conjugation |
Units number | Mn number | Units number | Mn number |
1 person | I sing | we sing | burning | we burn |
2 face | you sing | sing | burning | burn |
3 person | sings | sing | burns | are burning |
Now it is easy to conclude: endings with a vowel - e at the beginning indicate the verb I sp., And with a vowel - and - the verb II sp. Only 3 plural faces are knocked out, but even here it is easy to remember: I sp-y / - -, II sp-a / -y.
Let's make a memo, take a good look at it and remember it.
I sp. - e, y / y, II sp. - and, PO Box
Now we will answer the last question, the most important one.
How to determine the conjugation of verbs in Russian? This is very easy to do if the personal ending is shock. In this case, it is enough to reproduce our memo with inner vision. But if it is shockless, there are difficulties with spelling. We will never write “fly” instead of “fly”, and “glue” instead of “glue” - easily. This is where the next step-by-step conjugation algorithm comes in handy. So, for example, you have such a task - "the wind is sweeping ..t branches of trees"
Step 1. Put the verb in the infinitive:
sway
Step 2. We look at the verb suffix (this is the vowel before):
sway
Step 3. We ask ourselves: “Is this a vowel — and?”
Step 4. We answer: no or yes.
sway - not - and
Step 5. If the answer is “no”, then the verb I sp.
sway - I sp.
If the answer is yes, then verb II sp.
Step 6. Choose the ending: I sp. - e, I, II sp. - and, PO Box (see memo)
"The wind sways the branches of trees"
That's all: how to determine the conjugation of verbs, you now know.
But in the Russian language, nothing can do without pitfalls, in this case these are verbs-exceptions. These are very harmful verbs that in the infinitive (only in the infinitive!) Look like the verbs of I sp, and all personal endings they have II sp. And 2 verbs - to shave and lay - on the contrary, in the infinitive they pretend to be verbs of II sp, but in fact - I sp. They can be neutralized by learning a poem:
To see, hear and offend
Hold, drive and hate
And breathe, watch, endure,
And depend, and twirl
+ shave, lay.
In principle, this information is enough to boldly raise your hand in the lesson.
This, of course, in Russian is not limited to conjugation.