Ulaanbaatar is the capital of Mongolia. The population is about 2 million inhabitants. Here are the northernmost deserts and the southernmost border of permafrost. It is also noteworthy that this city is considered the coldest capital on Earth.
Climate
The climate of the city is sharply continental. Winter in Ulaanbaatar is quite long and severe, and summers are cool. Precipitation for the country is a very rare occurrence and they occur mainly in the summer. An altitude of 1,500 meters greatly affects the temperature in the capital. In general, the natural conditions in Mongolia are quite contrasting. There are semi-deserts and mountain forest-steppes, here is the famous Gobi Desert, as well as the crystal clear Lake Hubsugul.
Population
Ulaanbaatar is a home for representatives of many nationalities. In addition to the indigenous population - the Mongols, immigrants from neighboring countries live here : Russia, Uzbekistan, China, South Korea, North Korea, Turkmenistan and others. In addition to them, about 1% are immigrants from Germany, the USA, Australia and Canada.
History
Back in 1639, one influential feudal lord proclaimed his son (despite the fact that he was then 5 years old) Zanabazar the head of Buddhism in Mongolia and founded a monastery in honor of this event in the valley of the Tuul River. Over the next 60 years, this monastery has changed its location more than 17 times. In 1779, a Buddhist shrine was finally founded on the north bank of the Tuul River. Since that time, secular life began to concentrate around the monastery of Chebtszun-Damba Hutuhta. So the city of Urga was founded.
In 1921, this city became the autonomous capital of Mongolia. Since 1924, Urga at the legislative level changed its name to Ulan Bator (which means "red hero" in Mongolian).
Economy
Almost all industrial enterprises in the country are concentrated in the capital. The following industries are most developed here: metalworking, construction, woodworking, there are also meat processing plants and a trailer plant. The city has several thermal power plants that recycle about 85% of the country's electricity.
Culture and science
In cultural and scientific institutions, there is no shortage. There are many universities here: Buddhist, Mongolian International University, Zanabadzara and others. Ulaanbaatar boasts numerous museums: there is a museum of fine arts, a national historical museum. A magnificent collection of exhibits, including even the remains of dinosaurs, is collected in the State Central Museum of the city.
Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar. City atmosphere
The Mongols have always been nomads, so it is not surprising that in the capital, yurts adjoin multi-storey buildings . Even those indigenous people who today lead a settled lifestyle do not really equip their homes. Piles of rubbish in the courtyards, unpainted windows or doors leading to unclear where - this is a common occurrence for apartment buildings in Ulan Bator. The construction of the central part of the capital was exclusively done by foreigners, since the Mongols do not own the intricacies of urban development.
The originality and unique natural landscapes of Mongolia attract hundreds of tourists here. Ulaanbaatar is the capital of unique cultural and architectural contrasts of the past and the present, which are difficult to find elsewhere.