The meteorological conditions of the region are determined by the length of the East European Plain and the presence of water bodies surrounded by steppe regions. These natural features played a dominant role in shaping the climate of Saratov, which is characterized by moderately continental features.
Key Information
Cold winter in these parts alternates with hot summers. The cold period is long, with an abundance of rainfall. Rains and snows in the area are dominated by winds blowing from the Atlantic. They have a direct impact on the level of humidity and weather in Saratov. The drought season begins with the arrival of air masses from Kazakhstan and other countries of Central Asia.
They give clear, but frosty days in January and February. Due to the presence of two large reservoirs at once, the Saratov and Volgograd reservoirs, the frost-free period exceeds 160 days. The number of sunny hours per year is about 2,000.
Winter
Frosty weather in Saratov begins in late November. The first snow falls on these numbers. Most often it is wet or interspersed with rain. The cover lasts an average of 130 days. In the Volga regions, this period is slightly shorter, and in the Right Bank longer. The coldest month is February. The thermometer column in winter fluctuates around -13 ° .
During the thaw, the air warms up to 0 ° C. In frosty hours, temperature indicators drop below -40 ° C. At the end of winter, frequent guests in Saratov are snowstorms and snowfalls. In periods of bad weather classes in schools and educational institutions of the city are canceled. Owners of private homes are experiencing difficulties with the supply of hot and cold water, electricity. Motorists are advised to refrain from traveling.
The number of days with precipitation exceeds 12. The number of foggy days is 6. Climatic zone of Saratov is characterized by blizzards that occur five times a month.
Spring
In March, the soil is gradually thawing. The snow becomes loose and wet. On the city roads recorded drifts. Bad weather lasts no more than seven days. On the federal highways of the region restrictions are imposed on the movement of trucks and trucks. The reason for this is the variable climate of Saratov. As soon as the daily average reaches 0 ° C, the passage will be open. This usually happens in early April.
Heat is rapidly gaining momentum. Every day brings change. Gusts of wind subside. But the frost will remind of itself for a long time. A sharp decrease in air temperature is observed until mid-May.
According to the climate description of the city of Saratov, in April, the thermometer is held at 10 ° . The buds in the trees swell. Very soon, the first green shoot will hatch from them. Grass has already appeared on lawns and city lawns. It looks like the height of spring in the area. At the end of May there will be a heat.
The average air temperature in March does not exceed 3 ° C, in April 8 ° C, and in May 15 ° C. Rainfall varies from 25 to 39 millimeters.
Summer
In June, heat enters into its legal rights in the region. Days become sultry. Saratov's arid climate leads to forest and steppe fires. The average air temperature during the day from July to mid-August is 35 ° C. Nightly indicators are slightly lower. After sunset, the thermometer column drops to around 20 ° C.
Heat is accompanied by dry winds. Most often they happen on the left bank of the municipality. On the Right, more comfortable weather prevails. The long-awaited coolness sets in in the region in mid-August. The average daily temperature these days is 15 ° C. Deciduous leaves dried during the July heat fall from the branches. More and more often cumulus clouds cover the sky. In the morning there is fog. Drizzling rains begin.
The climatic length of summer exceeds four months. This time of year in Saratov is conditionally divided into three stages. May - “prelude”, July - “high”, the beginning of September - “recession”. The average daily air temperature in June is 20 ° C, in July 22 ° C, in August 20 ° C.
Fall
In September, the first frosty nights happen in Saratov. The wind blows more persistently, removing the last foliage. Autumn in these parts is short. It ends in the second half of November, giving way to winter. The off-season in the area lasts just a few weeks. At this time, the climate of Saratov is not constant.
The “frost-free” period in the region ends with the arrival of the first significant cooling, when the thermometer drops below 0 ° . The average air temperature in September is 14 ° , in October 6 ° , in November 1 ° . Rainfall - 22 mm.
During heavy rains, surface soils are washed off, which leads to a decrease in the thickness of the fertile layer. As a result, ravines and potholes are formed.
Meteorological indicators
The cloudiest month in Saratov is November. The sky is clear most often in May, July, August and September. The number of days with overcast in January and December reaches 20. Heavy rains occur in June. Maximum sunlight falls on July.
The windiest month is January. The speed of air mass reaches 60 kilometers per hour. Climatic summer is a relatively calm period. At the height of the season, gusts do not exceed 28 km / h.
Geographical position
Saratov is located in the southeastern part of the country. It is included in the list of major economic and cultural centers of Russia. The city occupies the right coast of the Volgograd reservoir. The nearest neighbors are Samara and Volgograd. It is separated from Moscow by 860 kilometers. The number of inhabitants exceeds 840,000. Coordinates of Saratov: 51 ° 34′43 ″ N, 46 ° 47′50 ″ E.
The center and the southern quarters of the municipality are located in a hollow surrounded by hills. In the west, the village is closed by forest tracts. The territory of the modern city is dotted with beams. On all sides, Saratov is surrounded by rivers. Chernozem is the most common type of soil. In the vicinity of the city are oil and gas fields.
Ecology
Since groundwater lies under the central areas of the municipality, asphalt in this part of the village is often deformed. In Saratov, there are many industrial enterprises. Their activities adversely affect the environment. Toxic emissions pollute the aquatic environment and air. Their annual volume approached the value of 300,000 tons. The lion's share of harmful substances is produced by transport.
In the vicinity of the city there is a military training ground. It is the storage and storage of radioactive waste, the disposal of missiles. This facility exacerbates an already difficult environmental situation. The most polluted areas of Saratov are Frunze and Zavodskaya.
The first is a research and production center. The second is replete with industrial zones, next to which 16 residential neighborhoods have been erected.
Resources
The hydrographic map of the region includes the rivers Chernikh, Yelshanka, Petrovka, Guselki and Kurdyum. It marked the streams Beloglinsky, Dudakovsky, Zaletaevsky, Sich, Tokmakovsky and about ten more tributaries. Today, their natural course is slowed down by dams and engineering structures erected in the channels of water bodies.
Many of them are filled with sewage. The banks are covered with spontaneous dumps of household and construction waste. As a result, the area of waterlogging increases annually. Groundwater contains aluminum, as well as manganese, copper, lead, fluorine, silicon and arsenic.
The soil
The intervention of industrial activity in the landscape cover of the city led to changes in weather and environmental conditions. Today, Saratov’s climate is considered unfavorable for children's health. The soil revealed a high content of heavy metals and phenols. They have a negative effect on the biological processes taking place in the inner layers of the soil.
Green belt
On the territory of the municipality there are 270 hectares of forest. The maximum number of squares and parks falls on the Volga region. In it, the number of plantations per inhabitant is almost 16 square meters. In Frunze only 0.3. Norm - 28 m². In Saratov, there is an acute shortage of gardens and recreational areas intended for recreation.
Atmosphere
The dry air, which has prevailed in the region for six months, is saturated with waste from chemical, electric power, and petrochemical enterprises. The condition of the atmospheric pool is recognized as critical and requires urgent intervention.