Methodological support is a set of measures aimed at supporting teachers with different skill levels. It is this definition that was used earlier in the scientific literature. Over time, the educational process and the entire pedagogical system have become much more complicated. Today, educational activities are being modernized everywhere, various educational technologies are being introduced. The process participants have new opportunities and completely new needs. All this leads to a significant complication of the content of the methodological support of the activities of teachers.
History reference
Such concepts as “methodological service”, “methodological work” began to be used at the beginning of the 20th century. However, some information about the origin of these forms of activity can be found in the sources of the 19th century. For example, in the Statute on Gymnasiums of 1828, it is recommended that pedagogical councils be formed to discuss teaching methods and content.
In the second half of the 20th century, the so-called congresses of teachers began to convene. Exhibitions of didactic material, pedagogical works performed by students and teachers were prepared for them. At such congresses, participants read out reports on their successes and shared problems with colleagues. In addition, the lessons that the trustees of educational institutions attended were analyzed. All this suggests that already in those years the key components of methodological activity began to be determined. At the same time, subject sections began to appear - prototypes of the existing associations of pedagogical workers.
Since the end of the 20th century. in the literature began to use the term "methodological support".
The origins of the system
A significant event in the history of the formation of the foundations of educational and methodological support was the All-Russian Congress, dedicated to the issues of public education and held from January 5 to 16, 1914. It was for the first time announced the need for the formation of a service for instructors. They were to receive theoretical and practical training and be elected by teacher organizations. The duties of such instructor instructors included trips to different schools, a demonstration to teachers of the latest teaching methods and techniques, reading reports, and also checking the results achieved by educational institutions.
In the 1920s Soviet authorities declared a course to eradicate illiteracy. A flood of non-specialists poured into the schools, and the methodological support of teachers acquired particular relevance. The management of such activities was entrusted to specialized "bureaus." Subsequently, they were transformed into teaching rooms, some of which became institutes for the improvement of teachers.
Creating an Organizational Base
In the 1930s in the first editions of the Regulations on the pedagogical (methodological) classrooms, the duties of teaching staff were reflected. They included the following:
- Attending lessons and analyzing the activities of educators.
- Advice to teachers.
- Planning, organizing and conducting meetings of methodological groups and associations.
- Review of scientific literature.
- Generalization, dissemination of pedagogical experience.
By the 1960s, forms of methodological work had formed, which later became traditional. In the same period, the first serious scientific research related to them began to appear. So, for example, in his dissertation V.T. Rogozhkin identified 3 key organizational forms:
- Teachers Council.
- Methodology
- Self-education.
A new round in the development of the system
At the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st century there was a change in the scientific paradigm. Today, methodological support is the key to understanding innovative ideas, preserving and strengthening pedagogical traditions, stimulating an innovative search, and improving pedagogical skills. Teaching in the modernization of the educational system is very multifaceted. It is closely related to the conduct of the exam, the introduction of specialized training, improving not only the structure, but also the content of education. One of the key areas of modernization of the system is the introduction of psychological methods in the pedagogical process.
Tasks and Goals
As the analysis of historical and pedagogical publications shows, the main goal of the methodological support system is to increase the professional level of the pedagogical worker. The problem of insufficient qualifications of the teaching staff does not lose its relevance today.
One of the most important tasks of methodological support is the implementation of new programs aimed at reforming the educational system.
System Component
The following aspects are distinguished in the structure of the methodological support of the educational process:
- Diagnostic and analytical.
- Value-semantic.
- Methodical.
- Predictive.
The methodological block, in turn, includes the following modules:
- Informational and methodical.
- Organizational and methodological.
- Experimental and implementation (practical).
Information and methodological support involves providing the teacher with the necessary information about modern educational technologies, providing advisory assistance, etc.
Stages of the implementation of methodological programs
The introduction of scientific and methodological developments should be carried out in stages. Only in this case can we expect a positive effect from the work. The main stages of the implementation of programs for methodological support are:
- Diagnosing a problem.
- Search for solutions. For this, information sources are used, including the Internet.
- Discussion of the options found, the choice of the most suitable solution.
- Assistance in the implementation of the selected option.
Forms of work
Program and methodological support is carried out through:
- Counseling, assistance to creative groups, tutoring, teachers' councils, seminars. This direction involves mainly the transfer of information. In this case, the forms can be any. They can be conditionally divided into passive (speeches at the teacher's council, questionnaires, familiarization with print media, etc.) and active (discussions, trainings, etc.).
- Formation of organizational and methodological conditions for attracting teachers to various events. It is, in particular, about courses, conferences, round tables, workshops, master classes, etc.
Methodological support of the child (as a full participant in the educational process) can be carried out using modern educational technologies, including by remote method, through dialogue, game, focus groups, etc.
Recently, such a form as Skype support has become popular. It involves remote step-by-step individual learning. This form of methodological support of the educational process is not limited to the number of sessions. Each subsequent meeting begins with a homework review. If it is not completed or is executed incorrectly, then the session is not held.
Key conditions
The effectiveness of methodological support both in the preschool educational institution and in educational institutions is ensured by:
- teacher's inclusion in events related not only to his professional, but also to spiritual development;
- studying the personality of the teacher in its various aspects, creating situations aimed at developing its potential;
- improving the psychological and material mechanisms of educational process management, focused on increasing motivation for professional growth.
The role of methodological support in the modern educational system
Today, graduates of schools and universities are faced with increased requirements. Only highly qualified teachers can educate a person who is able to quickly adapt to constantly changing living conditions, successfully realize their potential. This means that teachers must possess not only psychological, pedagogical, didactic, subject-specific skills and knowledge, but also sufficient potential, the key components of which are internal beliefs, values, and attitudes.
It is on the development of all these qualities, knowledge, skills that the methodological work in the educational institution is directed. A key condition for its effectiveness is the active participation of the teacher himself in the process of self-development and self-realization.
Scientific and methodological support ensures the socialization and adaptation of the teacher. So, taking an active part in the process, the teacher receives a certain status and secures it for himself. Moreover, he gets the opportunity to solve the problem associated with professional self-preservation, overcoming the lag of the achieved level of professionalism from the new requirements for the educational process. Methodological support helps the teacher to get rid of outdated views, helps to increase his susceptibility to changes in society. As a result, the teacher becomes more competitive.
The main thing in the methodological support is the provision of effective, real help. It represents a complex of practical measures based on scientific achievements, advanced pedagogical experience. Methodological support is aimed at a comprehensive increase in the professional skill and competence of the teacher, the realization of the creative potential of each teacher individually and the entire staff of the educational institution. Ultimately, this will lead to an increase in the level of education, education and cultural development of students.
Requirements for a Modern Teacher
Modernization of the domestic pedagogical system, updating all elements of the educational process. At present, the teacher must be able to solve complex problems creatively, comprehensively, at a high professional level, in particular:
- Diagnose the level of development of children, formulate real tasks and set achievable goals for their work and students' activities.
- To choose educational means and methods of training that correspond to modern living conditions and the requirements of society, taking into account the cognitive abilities and social characteristics of students.
- Track and evaluate the results of their work and the activities of children.
- Develop and implement various educational programs, use well-known and offer their own innovative ideas, teaching methods, and technologies.
- Provide cognitive activities for students.
All these requirements determine the role of the modern teacher not as an ordinary “subject”, but as a researcher, psychologist, and technologist. In this regard, the methodological work is of particular importance and contributes to the development of pedagogical skills.
Conclusion
Due to the fact that the methodological activity can have a significant impact on the quality of education and training, on the overall performance of the educational institution, it can be considered as one of the most important factors in the management of the pedagogical system. Support and support are mainly associated with overcoming the specific difficulties that arise in the subjects of the educational process. Methodological activity involves pre-planned continuous work aimed at preventing problems in the development of new educational technologies. Moreover, the subject of the educational process independently determines whether he needs support or not.