The ocean is much closer to us than the planets of the solar system. However, its bottom was studied only 5 percent. And how many secrets do the waters of the oceans keep? This is the greatest mystery of our planet.
Maximum depth
The Mariana Trench, or in another way the Mariana Trench, is the deepest place in the oceans. Amazing creatures live here and there is practically no light. However, this is the most famous place, which is still not fully understood and is fraught with many unsolved mysteries.
Immersion in the Mariana Trench is a real suicide. After all, the water pressure here is thousands of times higher than the pressure at sea level. The maximum depth of the world's oceans is approximately 10,994 meters with an error of 40 meters. However, there are daredevils who descended to the bottom, risking their own lives. Of course, modern technologies were not complete in this matter.
Where is the deepest place in the oceans
The Mariana Trench is located in the Pacific, or more precisely, in its western part, closer to the east, near Guam, about 200 kilometers from the Mariana Islands. The deepest place in the oceans in shape resembles a crescent-shaped gutter. The width of the depression is approximately 69 kilometers and the length is 2550 kilometers.
The coordinates of the Mariana Trench: east longitude - 142 ° 35 ', northern latitude - 11 ° 22'.
Bottom temperature
Scientists have suggested that a very low temperature should be at maximum depth. However, they were very surprised by the fact that at the bottom of the Mariana Trench this indicator remains above zero and amounts to 1 - 4 ° . Soon there was an explanation for this phenomenon.
At about 1600 meters from the surface of the water, hydrothermal springs are located. They are also called "white smokers." Jets of very hot water come out of the springs. Its temperature is 450 ° Celsius.
It is worth noting that this water has a huge amount of minerals. It is these chemical elements that support life at great depths. Despite such a high temperature, which exceeds several times the boiling point, water does not boil here. And this is due to a fairly high pressure. At such a depth, this indicator is 155 times higher than that on the surface.
As you can see, the deepest places of the oceans are not so simple. They still have many secrets that need to be solved.
Who dwells at such a depth
Many people think that the deepest place in the oceans is the abyss where life cannot exist. However, this is not the case. At the very bottom of the Mariana Trench, scientists discovered very large amoebas called xenophiophores. Their body length is 10 centimeters. These are very large unicellular organisms.
Scientists suggest that this type of amoeba has acquired such dimensions because of the environment in which they have to exist. It is worth noting that these unicellular creatures were found at a depth of 10.6 kilometers. Their development was influenced by many factors. This is the lack of sunlight, and a fairly high pressure, and, of course, cold water.
In addition, xenophiophores have simply unique abilities. Amoebas perfectly tolerate the effects of many chemicals and elements, including lead, mercury and uranium.
Mollusks
There is very high pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. In such conditions, even creatures with bones or armor have no chance to survive. However, not so long ago, clams were found in the Mariana Trench. They live near hydrothermal springs, because serpentine contains methane and hydrogen. These substances allow the living body to fully form.
It is still not known how the mollusks manage to preserve their shells in such conditions. In addition, hydrothermal sources produce another gas - hydrogen sulfide. And he, as you know, is deadly for any mollusk.
Pure liquid carbon dioxide
The Mariana Trench is a deep place of the world's oceans, as well as an amazing world with many inexplicable phenomena. There are hydrothermal springs located near Taiwan, outside the Okinawa Trench. This is the only underwater area currently known to contain liquid carbon dioxide. This place was discovered back in 2005.
Many scientists believe that it was these sources that allowed to originate in the Mariana trench of life. After all, here is not only the optimum temperature, but also chemicals are present.
Finally
The deepest places of the world's oceans simply amaze with the extraordinary nature of their world. Here you can find living organisms that feel great in complete darkness and at high pressure and cannot exist in another environment.
It is worth noting that the Mariana Trench has the status of a national monument of the United States. This marine reserve is the largest in the whole world. Of course, for those who want to visit here, there is a certain list of rules. In this place it is strictly forbidden to extract minerals, as well as to fish.