Anti-Muller hormone: normal in women

Hormones play an important role in the body. They participate in the work of all systems and organs of man. This is especially true of a woman's reproductive function, because her ability to conceive depends on the hormonal background. During pregnancy planning or if there are problems with its occurrence, the doctor prescribes a special analysis. The study reveals the level of certain hormones, among which there is AMH (antimuller hormone). For what he is responsible and what are his norms for a woman, we will consider in the article.

Definition

Anti-Muller Hormone (AMH) is a substance (a protein molecule) produced in women by ovarian cells. Participates in the regulation of the formation of mature reproductive structures.

This incret is named after the scientist Mueller, who established that the development of female and male organs at an early stage of the embryonic period proceeds according to similar principles. The embryos have a special tube called the Muller duct, which in the embryo of the stronger sex resolves at about 10 weeks. In girls, part of the vagina and uterus is formed from this duct. From the 32nd week of fetal development, an anti-Muller hormone begins to be produced, the concentration of which remains low until the puberty of the girl. In boys, his blood level is much lower.

Functions

Anti-Muller hormone is involved in the formation of full-fledged eggs. This happens as follows: during the reproductive period, mature structures are initially located in inactive follicles; during the menstrual cycle, some of them begin to grow, which is accompanied by the maturation of the egg. With normal periodicity of monthly discharge, the stimulating substance (FSH), which is produced by the pituitary gland, affects one of these follicles, turning it into a dominant one, in which ovulation later occurs. After this, the antimuller hormone blocks the actions of FSH so that inactive follicles do not go into the growth phase, which can lead to ovarian depletion. Timely research of this active substance helps prevent unwanted problems in the woman's reproductive system.

Why AMG is measured

The level of anti-Muller hormone may indicate a violation of the reproductive function of women. Using a blood test, you can identify the following conditions:

• Ability to natural childbearing.
• Chances of conception.
• The feasibility of applying the IVF procedure.
• The onset of menopause (can be detected 4 years before the onset of menopause).
• Reasons for late entry into puberty.
• The presence of cancer or polycystic ovary.
• The reasons for the increase in FSH.

As with any diagnostic method, some preparation is required before passing the analysis.

Analysis preparation

Venous blood is used to study the anti-Muller hormone. It must be remembered that in order to obtain the most accurate result, a number of rules must be observed. These include the following recommendations:

• Blood is given on an empty stomach. The last meal should be no later than 8 hours before analysis.
• For 2 days, fatty, spicy, salty, smoked dishes are excluded from the diet.
• Two days before the analysis, it is necessary to limit physical activity.
• Smoking and alcohol can reduce results, so you should refrain from this.
• A prerequisite is to avoid stressful situations, as they can significantly distort the result.
• Do not donate blood during or immediately after illness.

Norms

The norms of the anti-Muller hormone in a woman are slightly different. It depends on how many eggs were laid in the body initially. For this reason, there are situations when a woman at 40 years old becomes pregnant without any problems, and some patients at 25 have problems conceiving.

Currently, the average norms of anti-Muller hormone in women are isolated. This is due to the difference in the initial number of eggs in different patients. Below is a table of anti-Muller hormone, in which normal values ​​are indicated. In it you can see, and to what extent fluctuations in the level of the hormone can occur.

AMG is considered to be within the norm for the following indicators:

The above table indicates the difference in the norm of anti-Muller hormone by age.

The dynamics of changes in the level of AMG

Throughout reproductive age, the level of the hormone in the body varies. The following pattern is observed:

• Before the puberty, the level of AMH is quite low.
• By the age of 12-14, it begins to grow.
• The hormone in the body of a woman reaches its maximum antimuller at the age of 20 to 30 years.
• After 30 and up to the onset of menopause, the AMH content gradually decreases.
• During the onset of menopause, the production of the hormone decreases.

A distinctive feature of this substance is that its level is not affected either by external factors, or by changes in pregnancy, or by taking medications. Its content in a woman’s body depends only on the supply of full eggs in the ovaries.

Increased hormone concentration

If the anti-Muller hormone is elevated, a number of pathological conditions can contribute to this. Consider the most common of them:

• Polycystic ovary.
• Delayed puberty. An increase in AMH in this case may indicate the underdevelopment of the girl's reproductive system.
• Ovarian tumors.
• Cancer of the female organs.
• Increased hormone occurs after infectious diseases.
• Taking hormonal drugs that are prescribed to normalize ovulation can cause ovarian hyperstimulation. This can not only affect the increase in the level of AMH in the blood of a woman, but also provoke disorders of the nervous and respiratory systems, as well as damage to the heart and kidneys.

With increased values ​​of the anti-Muller hormone, additional diagnostics are required.

Lower values

Decreased AMH indicators can be the result of both some diseases and other causes that are not pathological. Consider common conditions:

• Premature sexual development of a girl. By the time optimal for conception, the supply of eggs is significantly reduced.
• Ovarian exhaustion.
• Obesity.
• Congenital pathology of the ovaries.
• Injuries to female organs.
• Premenopausal period. This is a natural reason for lowering the level. This is evidenced by a table with the norms of anti-Muller hormone in women by age. The body prepares for menopause, gradually lowering the content of AMH.
• Menopause. The production of the active substance is almost completely stopped, the body ceases to be able to bear children.

Non-pathological reasons for lowering the level of the atimuller hormone include smoking, alcohol consumption, stress. It is recommended to exclude these factors and retake the analysis in the same laboratory as for the first time.

Treatment

Since AMG is not able to directly affect the reproductive function of a woman, with deviations from the norms, it is necessary to identify the cause of this condition and exclude it.

It is important to know that at elevated values, you can not take drugs to stimulate the ovaries, as this can provoke an aggravation of the pathology. Decreased indicators in some cases can be normalized with hormonal therapy.

Among the methods of traditional medicine, royal jelly, honey, seafood and a drug with vitamin D3 can act as a support agent.

The exclusion of a provoking factor often helps to stop the process of increasing or decreasing hormone levels in a woman's body.

AMH and pregnancy

When determining the likelihood of natural conception in case of deviations in the level of anti-Muller hormone, it is necessary to consult a doctor and undergo additional diagnostic measures. Based on their results, the specialist is considering the possibilities in which pregnancy may occur.

With a low level of AMH, the following options are available:

• If the specified hormone is not critically lowered, the doctor considers the likelihood of recovery of its level with the help of hormone therapy.
• If at low AMH values ​​the follicle-stimulating substance is in the range from 10 to 15 IU, then the chances of successful conception and bearing a child are quite high.
• If, with a lower level of anti-Muller hormone, the FSH value is at the highest levels, the chances of getting pregnant are very low.

In cases with an increased level of AMH, to normalize it, you need to identify the root cause and undergo the necessary treatment.

Anti-Muller Hormone and IVF

When preparing for artificial insemination, an analysis of the level of AMH in the blood is mandatory. Based on its results, a decision is made on the method of performing the procedure.

• If the hormone level is too low, donor eggs may be recommended.
• If, with a lack of AMG, the FSH indicator is within normal limits, then the chances of a successful IVF increase significantly. The procedure will be carried out in two stages, one of which is stimulation of the ovaries with hormonal drugs.

Throughout the entire preparation for artificial insemination, a woman is under strict medical supervision. All appointments are carried out only after examination of the patient.

Conclusion

Since hormones play a very significant role in the body of a woman, it is necessary to systematically monitor their level in the body. If there are deviations from the norms, you should consult a doctor who will prescribe additional diagnostics and treatment effective for each specific case.

The anti-Muller hormone helps to indicate the presence of a problem in the woman’s reproductive system, therefore it is recommended to periodically check its level in the body. This is especially true for patients entering the puberty or menopause.