Transitional age is the preparation of a young body for adulthood. It is during this period that important changes in all organs and systems occur in the body. Normal pressure in a teenager is evidence that the body itself copes with such stresses. And if there are deviations from the norm of blood pressure in a teenager (from 14 to 16 years)? How to calculate the normal blood pressure index yourself? How to treat?
What is blood pressure?
In order to accurately understand the problem, you need to know the nature of its origin. Blood pressure (BP) is formed by squeezing the walls of the capillaries, veins and arteries under the influence of blood circulation. There are two types of blood pressure: upper (systolic view) and lower (diastolic view). To determine the level of blood pressure, it is necessary to take into account both values of these indicators. For example, the arterial upper is 130, the lower blood pressure is 80.
So, in both adults and adolescents, blood pressure rises due to the fact that the connection between the work of the heart and peripheral vessels is disturbed. Moreover, the heart is a living sediment in this scheme. So, with every contraction of the myocardium, blood is ejected into the bed of the arteries. Then the blood, saturated with oxygen and other useful elements, enters through small vessels to other organs.
Vessels perform the function of transporting blood throughout the body, and cardiac activity is responsible for this. That is why any change in blood pressure (decrease or increase) can lead to a malfunction of the entire cardiovascular system. Blood pressure is measured using a tonometer. This is a special device that you can buy in a specialized store. What pressure should a teenager have? Each person has their own individual norm of blood pressure. Moreover, the indicator may not be associated with any ongoing diseases.
The pressure level is due to such factors:
- age, gender;
- personality trait;
- lifestyle (labor activity, type of rest);
- life style.
Blood pressure in adults and children is fundamentally different.
What pressure should a teenager have?
In adolescents, blood pressure is slightly lower than in adults. This difference is due to the fact that the walls of the vessels have high elasticity. For this reason, free blood flow occurs. With age, smooth muscles become stronger, their tone increases. Accordingly, blood pressure rises slightly.
Increased pressure is observed during puberty. The hormonal background has not yet stabilized. What pressure should be at 14? The norm is 112 by 58, 146 by 79 or 108-109 by 66 mmHg. Art. The specific indicator depends on the ratio of the weight and height of the child.
The pulse in a child from 11 to 13 years old should not exceed 130 beats. In a teenager, by the age of 16-17 this indicator decreases to 60-80 strokes. What pressure should be at 14? Consider a table with average rates of blood pressure in adolescents.
Age | Upper pressure indicator | Lower pressure |
10-12 years old | 110-126 | 70-82 |
13-15 years old | 110-136 | 70-86 |
15-16 years old | 115-120 | 70-80 |
17-18 years old | 110-120 | 70-80 |
Indicators can vary depending on physical activity, lifestyle and even time of day.
In older adolescents, the permissible range of blood pressure is: 120 to 80 mm Hg. Art. Moreover, the indicators are almost the same as in an adult. In young adolescents, the range is much wider. This is due to the fact that the body is still actively forming.
In the puberty, boys and girls have features in the formation of the reproductive system. What is the pressure of a boy of 14 years old? Normally, the indicator should not be lower than 110 per 70 mm RT. Art. and not higher than 136 by 86 mm RT. Art. In boys, pressure begins to increase after 14 years.
The pressure for a girl of 14 years old should correspond to the norm: 110 by 70 - 120 by 80 mm Hg. Art. Regular blood pressure should be measured only at rest and at the same time.
How to determine an adequate indicator of blood pressure on your own?
Specialists have developed a special formula by which it is easy to calculate your individual blood pressure norm. In particular, it is possible to accurately determine what pressure should be at 14 years:
- Systole indicator: the child's age is multiplied by 1.7. Add 83 to the result.
- Diastole index: the age of the teenager is multiplied by 1.6, after which you need to add 42.
Using this simple formula, parents can independently determine an adequate indicator of their child’s blood pressure.
What does blood pressure depend on?
According to statistics, about 75% of all schoolchildren of 14 years old complain to their parents about overwork. In addition to the increased load at school, we add the following factors:
- hormonal surge;
- mood swings;
- stresses in the school lesson;
- age complexes;
- study fatigue;
- teenage far-fetched "dramas."
It seems that factors can not be counted. There are a lot of reasons why the growing fragile organism of the child failed. Basically, these are external factors that affect the psycho-emotional background of the child.
What determines the pressure in a teenager? For example, every second teenager has a faster pulse and an increase in blood pressure, even when the nurse only puts on a tonometer sleeve. In medicine, this phenomenon is known as "white coat hypertension." The name more than reflects the excitement of a child before medical manipulations.
What determines the pressure in a puberty child? Hormonal storm is a separate provocation of the body. It is from this that the pressure fluctuates in girls aged 11 to 13 years and there are abnormal pressure surges in boys aged 13-14. With increased secretion of adrenaline, the level of systolic muscle vibrations increases. If pressure surges are noticeable in a child under 10 years old, then this is a serious alarming symptom.
Juvenile hypertension: factors
The drop in blood pressure in a teenager is accompanied by severe headache, insomnia, weakness and dizziness. The child's irritability increases, increased fatigue is observed. The young body is sensitive to heart congestion. This usually occurs during physical exertion. As a result, spasm of blood vessels and increased blood pressure.
In youth, primary or secondary hypertension may develop. Most often, the primary form of hypertension is manifested due to such factors:
- excessive load at school;
- increased physical activity (for example, in the sports section);
- spending at the computer many hours a day;
- chronic lack of sleep.
Secondary hypertension usually develops against a background of chronic diseases associated with the endocrine system, kidneys and heart.
What pressure should be at 14? With hypertension, the indicator greatly exceeds the norm. In rare cases, nausea may occur. Often with such symptoms, a hypertensive crisis develops. Hypertension is most often diagnosed in boys.
How is hypotension manifested?
Hypotension is low blood pressure. It always makes itself felt. Parents associate the pale painful appearance of the child with a heavy load at school. However, if the child refuses to walk with friends, becomes apathetic, loses his appetite - these are alarming bells.
Signs of hypotension:
- squeezing or throbbing pain in the temples;
- reduced level of focus and attention;
- drowsiness during the day;
- heartache;
- cold limbs.
Low blood pressure can be caused by several factors:
- respiratory infections;
- stress
- anemia;
- avitaminosis;
- lack of physical activity or, conversely, excessive;
- diabetes;
- allergy;
- with heart failure;
- with diseases of the thyroid gland.
If such signs are observed in the girl, then in the future, if untreated, problems with cardiovascular activity may appear. Memory impairment is another negative consequence. Most often, hypotension is diagnosed in girls. The disease can go into a pathological form.
Diagnostics
Diagnosing blood pressure problems usually happens by accident. Parents often attribute the child’s health problems to the stage of growing up. In order to identify a problem with blood pressure, the doctor needs to measure the pressure indicator at least 3 times. Then proceed to other studies. It is necessary to make sure that the deviation of blood pressure from the norms is not associated with stress.
In addition to effective therapy, in order to understand what pressure a teenager should have and whether there are deviations, additional research methods are prescribed:
- electrocardiogram;
- ultrasonography;
- analysis of urine and blood.
These methods will help to identify the triggering factor of increase or decrease in blood pressure.
How to bring pressure back to normal?
Normal pressure in a teenager is not lower than 110 by 70 and not higher than 136 by 86 mmHg. Art. If there are deviations from these norms, then you can try to normalize blood pressure yourself. To improve well-being, such means are recommended:
- tea brewed on herbs (calendula, rosehip, barberry);
- juice of beets, carrots and lingonberries;
- tincture of valerian, motherwort and hawthorn.
With adolescent hypotension, the following drugs are recommended:
- tea from ginger and honey;
- hot chocolate;
- coffee;
- cinnamon infusion;
- alcohol tincture of lemongrass, eleutherococcus, ginseng.
Sometimes it’s enough to just eat a product that contains a lot of salt. Exercise is an effective way to normalize low blood pressure at 14 years old. It is also recommended to establish a diet, balance mental and physical stress. Receive positive emotions and spend more time outdoors.
Treatment methods
If the doctor could not establish an obvious cause of the deviations, then normalizing blood pressure will not be difficult. Most often, an increase or decrease in pressure in a teenager is associated with overwork.
With high blood pressure, the doctor prescribes such drugs:
- "Reserpine", "Raunatin" - pills to lower blood pressure;
- "Veroshpiron", "Hypothiazide" - diuretics;
- "Elenium", "Seduxen" - sedatives (sedatives);
- "Obzidan", "Inderal" - adrenergic blockers;
- "Pentamine" - ganglion blocking drugs.
If the doctor diagnosed primary hypotension, it is useful to add physical activity to the body. Relaxing massages and a contrast shower are an additional feature. Normal pressure in a teenager is practically not observed. At this age, it often fluctuates. If abnormalities are found, consult a doctor. Only in this case, the specialist will advise, select the best drugs. Perhaps you just need to adjust your lifestyle.