A person often has to take tests to diagnose his body, but he often does not understand what is hidden under the medical concepts of BLD in urine analysis. What information can red blood cells get, and how are they dangerous to humans? Is it physiology or pathology? All details are below.
What includes urine analysis
During the analysis of urine , physical parameters are evaluated, the presence of sediment and organic substances is established. Also draws attention to transparency, smell, color. Optimal urine should be yellow; shades may vary. If it is brown or almost black, that is, there is a suspicion that hemolytic anemia is observed in the body, the development of malignant tumors or poisoning occurs. A red tint can indicate inflammatory processes, injuries, renal infarction. Pink - about defects in hemoglobin production. The norm of BLD CA in the analysis of urine will be presented below.
If a person suffers from diabetes, then his urine is pale or colorless. Milky color is noted with a high concentration of phosphates, fats or pus. In addition, products used before analysis may influence the shade.
Normally, urine is transparent, due to precipitation of salts, it gradually becomes cloudy. The smell, although specific, is not too sharp. If the smell of ammonia is felt, then there is reason to judge inflammation. For diabetics, the smell of apples is characteristic. Urine smells sharply in those who eat fragrant foods or consume strong medications. It's quite normal. But what does BLD mean in urinalysis?
Acidity should have a level of 7.0. If urine is slightly acidic, then this indicator is lower. Increased acidity is observed with pathologies of the kidneys, stones, and fever.
A very significant indicator is the density, which is indicated by the abbreviation SG. It reflects the concentration of renal function. Optimum indicators range from 1003 to 1028, however small fluctuations are acceptable. In men, the proportion of urine is higher. If deviations are observed in one direction or another, then this indicates pathological processes or diseases.
Consider how a BLD trace urine test is performed.
Organic matter analysis of urine
Indicators of protein are designated Pro. They should not exceed 0.03. In diabetics, the indicators on UIA should be in the range of up to 4.25 mmol. From this result, you can find out about the reversibility of kidney damage. Its level is monitored to monitor pathologies in order to start treatment in a timely manner.
The glucose level is designated Glu. The best result is a lack of sugar. If it is, then we can talk about the presence of diabetes in a person.
Bilirubin is designated as Bil. Ideal is its absence. In the presence of bilirubin, problems of the gallbladder or liver are possible. The decoding of BLD in urine analysis is presented below.
Urobilinogen (aka URO) is designated as UBG and must be present in urine. According to this indicator, a diagnosis of the state of blood, liver, absence or presence of stones, infections is carried out.
If there are ketone bodies in the urine, i.e. Ket, then the patient can be diagnosed with diabetes. Such bodies appear after poisoning, stroke or anesthesia.
Ascorbic acid is designated Asc. The urine of a healthy person includes up to thirty milligrams. The norm of BLD in the analysis of urine is of interest to many.
Using a microscope, urine is checked for white blood cells, designated as Leu, for men, its indicators should be no more than three, and for women - no more than five. If there are deviations, then we can judge the inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system.
Tumors of a malignant nature and inflammation present in the body will be reflected in the urine as red blood cells, or Bld. In the analysis of urine by their quantity, we can conclude about the progression of pathologies and the effectiveness of the therapeutic course. Red blood cells can appear in a woman’s urine after she gives birth to a baby.
Urinalysis is a very good way to determine the condition of the human body.
Varieties of red blood cells
In a healthy person, in a urine sediment, a normal indicator is either the absence of red blood cells, or their detection by microscopic analysis in an amount that does not exceed two cells in the preparation (that is, in all fields of view). An increased concentration of red blood cells is called hematuria. If the presence of blood in urine can be detected visually, that is, the urine has a red tint, then you can judge the macrohematuria.
In this situation, during microscopy of the urine sediment, the entire field of view will be covered with red blood cells, that is, the norm will be exceeded many times. If the number of red blood cells in urine is small, then it is impossible to notice the blood with the naked eye, since the urine will have a normal color. Red blood cells are determined only by microscopic examination. In this case, we can talk about microhematuria. This is what BLD means in urine analysis.
The appearance of red blood cells varies depending on the specific gravity and reaction of urine. Red blood cells can be in the urine both unchanged (fresh) and altered (leached).
Unchanged red blood cells contain hemoglobin, in their shape they resemble disks of a greenish-yellowish color. This species is found in alkaline, neutral and slightly acid urine.
Altered red blood cells are found with long-term presence in acidic urine. They do not contain hemoglobin, outwardly they resemble colorless rings. These red blood cells are called leached. In addition, wrinkled erythrocytes that are found in urine with a high relative density are altered, and their diameter increases with a low one. With prolonged standing of urine, red blood cells go into an altered type. What does BLD mean in the analysis of urine, we explained.
To determine the source of hematuria, the classification of red blood cells into unchanged and altered does not matter much, since in the overwhelming majority of cases, their chemical and physical characteristics of urine influence their transformation. Leached red blood cells may indicate hematuria renal origin when detected in freshly released urine.
The main property, according to which the assumption of renal origin is possible, is the appearance in urine along with red blood cells of cylinders and protein. Most often, red blood cells appear in the urine due to various diseases of the urinary tract and kidneys. In some cases, hematuria begins after increased physical activity, however, in such situations, red blood cells increase for a short period.
What does BLD show in urinalysis?
So, BLD in the analysis is red blood cells, and their detection in urine is a negative symptom. If BLD is detected in the urine, then with high probability we can talk about the processes of inflammation that occur in the genitourinary sphere, or pathological renal changes. If in the urine more than three units of red blood cells were found, then in medical terminology this situation is called hematuria, which has its own classification:
- microhematuria - in this case, the urine has a normal color, however, red blood cells are detected with microscopic sediment;
- macrohematuria - with this type of disease, the urine acquires a red or brown color;
- renal - in another way it is called renal, it allows to detect pathologies of the kidneys, heart attack, injuries;
- extrarenal - its appearance is possible in inflammatory processes in the genitourinary sphere, is a consequence of diseases such as urethritis, prostatitis and cystitis.
If red blood cells are found in a urinalysis (BLD trace), the attending physician usually prescribes an additional examination to the patient. With a positive result of the secondary analysis, there will no longer be any doubt in the pathological transformations of the urinary tract and kidneys. The most common disease is hematuria, which is especially common. The most dangerous form of all of the above is considered macrohematuria, which is accompanied by pathologies such as:
- malignant tumors of the renal pelvis;
- kidney cancer;
- malignant formations in the bladder and ureter;
- renal tuberculosis.
If a person is healthy, then red blood cells are absent in his urine. If they are detected in the urine, it is necessary to conduct repeated tests to refute or confirm the diagnosis.
Decoding BLD in urine analysis
A person comes to the clinic when something in his condition causes concern. The doctor should immediately write him a referral for tests. The most informative and common is the general analysis of urine, immediately reflecting all the malfunctions in the body. However, an ignorant person is unlikely to be able to understand the terms.
Each indicator has its own norms, BLD in the analysis of urine is no exception, and if all of them are within these limits, then the patient does not need to worry, because there are no pathologies. But if you exceed any value, you can talk about this or that inflammation.
So, there should be no BLD in urine, and in the case of a positive nature of the results with repeated analyzes, you should sound the alarm and immediately begin treatment.
What is the reason for the increase in red blood cells?
If after a general analysis of urine for red blood cells a positive result was obtained, this indicates a number of factors. In this case, pathological transformations in the genitourinary system and in the kidneys can be observed. In addition, the result may be false positive, due to the physiological specificity of the human body.
Red blood cells are often found as a result of dehydration, a lack of fluid in the body. Water deficiency due to vomiting, upset stomach.
During physical activity, athletes lose fluid in large quantities, which can also provoke the appearance of BLD in urine. After restoration of the water balance in the body, red blood cells disappear.
The physiological factors that cause the appearance of BLD CA in urine analysis (we examined the norm) are:
- the temporary nature of the manifestation of red blood cells in urine, for example, after a person was in a hot shop or in a hot bath, which caused the body to overheat;
- increased physical and mental stress;
- due to the increased content of glucocorticosteroids in the blood, which can often be associated with stress experienced by a person;
- when in a mountainous area where there is a lack of oxygen;
- poisons and toxins that a person often encounters;
- the use of alcoholic beverages, which causes a risk of vascular spasm, which causes the appearance of red blood cells in urine after taking alcohol;
- A large number of spices in food.
In addition, urine may turn red not because it contains an excessive amount of red blood cells, but because the concentration of hemoglobin in its composition is increased. When hemolysis develops, the red blood cells contained in the blood are destroyed, and this is typical for defects in urine filtration in the kidneys, and all ends with acute renal failure.
It is worth noting that the human body is unique in the sense that it can adapt to the influence of various factors, and in some situations, the detected red blood cells can become a normal indicator for a particular person. The following diseases are among the causes of BLD pathologies:
- kidney failure: ten cells;
- vulvitis, inflammation in the genital area, in the uterus: up to ten cells;
- cystitis, urolithiasis: 50 rbc / ul;
- Oncological diseases of the bladder and kidneys: 250 rbc / u l. BLD trace-lysed in a urinalysis means traces of red blood cells. Normally, they should not be.
If red blood cells rise to two hundred and fifty cells, then this poses a serious danger to human life. The patient is urgently hospitalized, additional diagnostics are carried out: biopsy, ultrasound, blood biochemistry, after which a therapeutic course is prescribed.
What else does BLD show in a general urinalysis.
Renal type of redness of urine
In this case, urination simultaneously with blood is fixed in the patient against the background of kidney pathologies such as:
- autoimmune disease of the canals and glomeruli of the kidneys with acute or chronic glomerulonephritis;
- kidney cancer;
- urolithiasis disease;
- infection with pyelonephritis;
- hydronephrosis;
- stab-wound of the renal surface or a significant bruise - in this situation, blood clots in the urine can take the form of macrohematuria.
Postrenal type
To determine that the symptoms of hematuria in a patient are caused precisely by reasons of a pre-renal nature, it is necessary to conduct an examination, as a result of which inflammation can be detected in the urethra or in the bladder:
- due to damage to the mucous membrane of these organs with sand or stones;
- against the background of cystitis, both in women and in men;
- with cancerous tumors;
- with hard intercourse, which damages the mucous membrane of the urethra;
- injuries of the urethra or bladder with simultaneous bleeding and vascular damage, which are accompanied by symptoms of macrohematuria.
Red blood cells in the analysis of urine in children
The norm for children in terms of the number of red blood cells should be no higher than six in the field of view of girls and four in boys. If their content is increased, this is called red blood cell count. If the urine turns red due to too many red blood cells, then in this case we are talking about hematuria.
Since urine during its formation goes a long way, starting in the kidneys and ending with the urethra, then each of the departments along the way can become a source of red blood cells. What does BLD CA 25 ery / ul urine analysis mean? About it below.
If significant defects in the formation of blood clots and coagulation systems are observed, then red blood cells in urine have an extrarenal origin. They are detected with hemolytic type anemia, low platelet count or impaired activity, hemolytic-uremic syndrome and coagulopathy.
Renal red blood cells occur with glomerulonephritis, hereditary nephritis, and IgA nephropathy.
If the calyces and pelvis are damaged in case of vascular defects, carcinoma, kidney injuries, and urolithiasis and cystic diseases, the erythrocyte form during microscopy is unchanged, but their number is increased.
Since along with the flow of urine stones also move from the kidneys, the urinary tract and their components are damaged: the bladder, ureters, urethra, as a result of which red blood cells appear in urine.
With acute or chronic rhinitis, after catheterization of the bladder and with urethritis, red blood cells in the urine can also be elevated. In a urinalysis, BLD CA 25 means that 25 red blood cells were detected in the visual field.
Elevated red blood cells in men
In some situations, men (especially the elderly) may need complex treatment of hematuria in the presence of pathologies of the prostate gland.
Blood under such circumstances means:
- A cancer in the prostate that can cause bleeding.
- Inflammatory processes in the prostate, as a result of which red blood cells mix with urine. BLD - trace intact - what is it in urine analysis? This means that red blood cells are absent in the urine, which is good.
The increase in red blood cells in women
Women especially often suffer from an excessive concentration of red blood cells in urine, if they have problems caused by pathological processes of the genitourinary system:
- if blood is detected during urination, it is possible to judge the uterine diseases that provoked bleeding;
- Damage to uterine neck erosion can also cause blood clots in urine.
In addition, the doctor in the analyzes may find that not only red blood cells, but also white blood cells are elevated. This indicates the presence of inflammation in the kidneys.
We examined the interpretation of BLD in the general analysis of urine.