What is the psychological and pedagogical support? What are its features? This issue is relevant, therefore, deserves a detailed study.
Essence and specificity
Under the influence of various adverse conditions, children currently have developmental problems, there are various deviations in physical and mental development, and there are serious violations in behavior.
The negative impact on educational institutions has a social situation. Schools have a new task - a humanistic approach to the educational and upbringing process, building innovative forms of education.
In the process of implementing such principles in practice, a serious disproportion of the emotional and cognitive development of the child occurs. Contradictions caused serious problems with the education of children; school maladaptation appeared.
Solution
To eliminate it, the joint activity of many experts, the use of a set of social, medical, and psychological techniques are necessary. Full-fledged psychological and pedagogical support allows you to eliminate identified problems, provide children with the necessary support in a timely manner.
The history of the creation of domestic integrated techniques
In our country, social support for a child appeared only at the end of the last century. The term “escort” was first introduced in 1993 by T. Cherednikova. The psychological support in a complex aspect was considered by many domestic scientists and teachers, including L.M. Shipitsin, I.S. Yakimanskaya.
Signs of anxiety and methods for their elimination studied A.I. Zakharov, Z. Freud. Over a long period of time, psychologists have identified the true causes of this phenomenon, tried to find effective ways to resolve the problem. Comprehensive support is a combination of development diagnostics and correctional development programs aimed at eliminating identified problems.
Early escort
In order to fully introduce humanistic education into practice, in Russian pedagogy they began to pay special attention to such a question as the earlier individual support of children. It is aimed at the timely identification of children at risk, gifted children, the selection for each student of their own development path.
At the end of the last century, the first Russian conference of school psychologists took place, within the framework of which effective methods of helping special children were analyzed. The complex psychological support under consideration was inextricably linked with the modernization of the educational system, the transition to the principles of children's self-development.
Thanks to the psychological and medical pedagogical centers, special support services, children and parents received comprehensive assistance. A problem child became an object for the work of physicians, teachers, and psychologists.
Modern realities
Currently, comprehensive support is a systematic work of several specialists aimed at eliminating problems in the behavior of an individual student. Excellent comprehensive systems of psychological and pedagogical support have been formed in many regions of the country, databases have been created thanks to which special children are tracked when they move from one place of residence to another region of the Russian Federation.
Productivity
Given that social support is a system, the results of the work are analyzed in the education system, and in medical institutions, and in the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The results of statistical studies indicate that after the system of measures for the prevention of offenses was created , the number of second-year students decreased significantly, the number of offenses decreased, and much less children began to exhibit deviant behavior.
Escort purpose
The pedagogical support of children is aimed at creating such social and pedagogical conditions in which any student would have the opportunity to become an active participant in all the events taking place in the school. The child gets the opportunity to have his own inner world, develop it, build relationships with other children.
If social support is built taking into account the age characteristics of the child, an educational environment is formed that will contribute to successful learning and the harmonious development of the “difficult” schoolchild.
Principles of escort
The main value is given to the personal choice of the child, the possibility of his self-determination in different life situations.
Thanks to the use of innovative pedagogical technologies, schoolchildren are supported in direct contact with the parent, teacher, and medical staff.
The essence of the work is to transmit to the child the key to his communication, activity, psychological secrets. The child develops the skills of setting a specific goal, planning a way to achieve it, a system of values, the ability to analyze his work.
An adult helps the child to choose a subjective, responsible position in relation to the events that surround him.
Activities
Given that support is an important and responsible process, it is impossible without the selection of certain areas of activity. First of all, reorientation, psychological retraining of the child, a change in existing skills in a positive way are required.
For example, to do this, conduct training programs, special developmental games, during which the child has the opportunity to develop theoretical knowledge.
Techniques of this kind are necessary for students to learn their own "I", their individual characteristics, as well as in acquiring the skills of introspection, self-improvement.
Game technologies in which children experience difficult situations, learn to get out of them, help to plunge into real life. Pupils begin to see all the consequences of their actions, realize the wrong behavior, rethink the value system. Understanding how serious the results of wrong actions can be, understanding the reality of the loss of loved ones helps to rethink the behavioral aspects.
Conclusion
Comprehensive support for students is an important aspect of the modern educational system. Given the modern realities, there are more children with serious deviations in behavior and mental development; they need an individual approach and professional help from specialists.
Currently, new approaches are being developed to build a system of integrated methodological work by psychologists and teachers. The essence of such an activity is to convey to students the techniques that will give them a real opportunity to learn successfully, systematize the knowledge gained, and rationally store it in their memory.
Person-oriented approach I.S. Yakimanskaya considers the development of a psychological and pedagogical system for the formation of the student’s personality as a priority need, the mandatory consideration of his personal, individual characteristics.
This position of escort is based on the interests and needs of an individual child, takes into account the logic of its development.
The concept of psychological and mental health of children, proposed by I.V. Dubrovin, considers in a separate subject of the work of a psychologist all the problems relating to the formation of personality in a separate educational space.
It is the school that affects psychological health, makes adjustments to the normal development of the child. Priority is given to the prevention of identified problems, including monitoring, correction of the educational space.
Developmental training Elkonin is based on the need to design an environment in which the child could not only learn knowledge and skills, but also develop deep personal qualities and human abilities.
It is the school that primarily affects the psychological state of children, therefore, lately such serious attention has been paid specifically to monitoring educational institutions. The cooperation of children's psychologists with school teachers, parents, and children allows us to identify various problems in a timely manner and find rational ways to eliminate them and complete prevention.