An impermanent sign of a verb - what is it? You will find the answer to the question in the materials of the presented article. In addition, we will tell you about what forms this part of speech has, how it tends, etc.
General information
Before you understand what permanent and non-permanent signs of the verb exist, it should be said about what this part of speech is all about.
The verb is the part of speech that indicates the state or action of an object and answers the questions “what to do?” and "what to do?"
Verb forms
Each verb has the following forms:
- Initial. Sometimes it is called an infinitive or indefinite form. Such verbs end in -i, -ty or -ch, that is, on formative suffixes (for example: guard, blossom, bathe, etc.). The indefinite form of a verb refers only to a state or action and does not indicate a number, time, or person. This is the so-called immutable form. She has only constant signs.
- Conjugate forms, that is, not infinitive. As a rule, they have constant and unstable signs of the verb.
- Communion.
- Participle.
So, in order to correctly compose the text of the letter, you should know that the presented part of the speech has:
- inconsistent;
- permanent signs of the verb.
Let's consider them in more detail.
Irregular verb tenses
Intermittent forms include:
- number;
- mood;
- gender;
- face;
- time.
It should be noted that each of these features has its own characteristics.
Mood
All verbs have 3 forms of moods. This sign shows how the talking person evaluates the action. In other words, using this form, you can find out if he considers it desirable, possible or real under any particular condition.
- Indicative. Such an inclination shows that some action is actually happening, will happen or has ever happened. We give an example: eat, eat and eat .
- The subjunctive, or the so-called conditional mood. Usually it shows that some action can occur, but only under certain conditions. We give an example: without you, I would not have survived and would have died on the road . As you can see from the example, the conditional mood is formed from the past tense by adding the particle “would” (or “b”). Moreover, this particle is written separately with the verb.
- Imperative mood. This form denotes an action that is asked, ordered, advised, or ordered to be performed. Here is an example: go faster .
Time
The term “impermanent verb signs” speaks for itself. That is, this part of speech changes in time. However, this applies only to verbs in the indicative mood.
So, let us consider in more detail how such a part of speech changes over time:
- Present time. Formally, it is expressed by such personal endings as -y, -y, -y, -et, -out, -et, etc. (For example: walking, I think, doing, dreaming, carrying , etc.). It should be especially noted that the present time denotes the process that is taking place at the moment. Moreover, he himself may not be in the present, but in the past or the future. Here is an example: She runs ahead of me. She thought she was running ahead of me. She will run forward again .
- Future tense. As you know, it denotes a process that will happen very soon. For example: I’ll go for a walk in the evening . It should also be noted that the future tense also exists in verbs of the perfect and imperfect form. Although in these cases it is expressed differently ( I will read - I will read, I will sing - I will sing, I will walk - I will take a walk , etc.).
- Past tense. Such a time indicates an already past action (for example: walking, doing, thinking ). This form is formed by adding the suffix -l-.
Number
Irregular signs of the verb are those signs that, if necessary, can change the word at the right time, person, etc. The number is also an unstable sign. It can be:
- The only one: doing, expecting, walking, going, going , etc.
- Multiple: do, wait, go, go, go , etc.
Face
In the forms of the future and the present tense, all verbs change according to the following persons:
- The first person indicates that the process is carried out by the speaker: I sing, we sing ;
- The second person indicates that the listener performs the action: you are silent, you are silent ;
- The 3rd person indicates that the action is carried out by a person who is not participating in the dialogue: it, he, she goes, they go .
It should also be noted that some verbs refer to an action or condition that occurs without the participation of a certain person, as if by itself. Similar verbs are called impersonal. Let's give an example: Chills. It is getting light. It's getting dark .
Kind
What other irregular verb symptoms exist? Of course, the genus also applies to them. However, this form is inherent only in verbs in the singular, conditional mood and past tense :
- Feminine: would .
- Male gender: would have .
- Middle gender: would have .
Now you know what inconsistent morphological features of the verb exist and how this part of speech changes in accordance with them. However, it should be noted that, in addition to inconstant, there are also permanent forms. Let's consider them in more detail.
Constant tenses
If they turn to you and ask: “Name the impermanent signs of the verb”, then you will probably do this without hesitation. But what do you say if you want to hear from you the list and differences of the permanent attributes of the verb?
So, these forms include:
- view;
- transitivity;
- recoverability;
- conjugation.
View
Absolutely all verbs are imperfect or perfect form. This symptom shows how the action proceeds. As you know, all verbs of the perfect form answer the following question: "what to do?" In addition, they indicate the result of the action, its completeness, the beginning or the end (for example, what to do? - stand up ).
Verbs of the perfect form can change in the past ( what did you do? - stood up ) and the future simple tense ( what will you do? - stand up) . Such a sign does not have a present tense form.
Verbs of the imperfect type answer the following question: "what to do?" In addition, when designating any action, they do not indicate its result, completeness, beginning or end: to get up . Such verbs have the past ( what did you do? - got up ), the present ( what do? - get up ) and the future difficult tense ( what will you do? - I will get up ). Also, in an imperfect form, there is an indefinite form of the verb ( what will it do? - will get up, will dance , etc.).
It should be specially noted that in the Russian language there is a small number of two-type verbs. Such words, depending on the context, can become either perfect or imperfect ( order, marry, investigate, execute, arrest, marry, attack, examine , etc.).
Here is an example:
- Rumors spread around the city that the king himself would execute his enemies. In this case, the verb “executes” answers the question “what does it do?” and has an imperfect appearance.
- Rumors circulated around the city that the king himself executed several rebels. In this case, the verb “execute” answers the question “what will it do?” and has a perfect look.
Return
Constant signs include such a form as recurrence. Thus, verbs having the postfix -s or -s are called reflexive. For example: to fight, swear , etc. The rest are irrevocable. For example: beat, scold, think , etc.
Transitivity
All verbs are divided into intransitive and transitive. The latter indicate a process that moves on to another subject. Its name can be expressed:
- A noun that stands in the genitive case without an excuse and indicates part of something. For example: cut off butter, drink tea , etc.
- A noun (or pronoun), which is in the accusative case and has no preposition. For example: flipping through a magazine, see it .
- A noun (or a pronoun), which is in the genitive case, does not have an excuse, but is accompanied by a negation. For example: do not have documents, do not see her .
All other verbs are considered intransitive ( play in the forest, believe in justice , etc.).
Conjugation
You know what irregular characteristic of a verb can be used to write a beautiful stylistic letter. However, this is not enough for a competent text. After all, it is very important to know how verbs are written in a particular conjugation.
As you know, in this form the endings of verbs change. In turn, conjugations depend on the face and number of a word.
So, to write a competent letter, you must remember that:
- Verbs of the 1st conjugation have endings: -you (-you), -y (-y), -et (-y), -et (-et), -em (-s) and -ut (-y). Let us give an example: you work, want, howl, sing, run , etc.
- Verbs of the 2nd conjugation have endings: -you, -y (s), them, -it, -at (-yat) or -ite. Let us give an example: grow, feed, love, pass, destroy , etc.