Primary medical care is a type of medical services that includes a set of standard procedures aimed at the preliminary elimination of sources that threaten the life of the victim. These assistance are carried out at the site of the lesion by the patient (self-help) or other persons (mutual help), who were nearby. Today, there are certain procedures for the provision of medical care to the population of the Russian Federation.
General requirements for first aid and its types
The main task in providing the necessary services is, first of all, the ability to provide assistance to a patient who has been injured or affected by a sharp attack of the disease, before the appearance of a qualified ambulance team.
To date, the procedures for the provision of specialized medical care by profile include 3 varieties:
- basic medical;
- pre-medical;
- initial treatment.
The first medical assistance is considered to be the combination of measures taken by the residents themselves at the site of the defeat, by means of self-help and mutual assistance, as well as by participants in emergency rescue operations using improvised and time-related means. First-aid services are provided by a paramedic.
The first treatment is a set of medical and preventive procedures performed by specialists and aimed at eliminating the results of the lesion. Thus, the person providing the necessary medical assistance can be an absolutely stranger who has the ability to provide such assistance.
General procedure
The procedures for the provision of specialized medical care by profile are:
- providing the patient with qualified doctors;
- emergency call
- first aid to the victim before the arrival of the medical team.
In what situations is emergency call required
It is recommended to call an ambulance in certain cases:
- The patient is in a swoon.
- If the victim has heavy breathing, or it is completely absent.
- The patient has continuous pain in the sternum.
- Heavy bleeding.
- Acute abdominal cramps.
- Intoxication or other urgent circumstances.
In other situations, when it is impossible to resort to emergency care, you should trust your instinct.
Treatment Standards
Procedures for the provision of medical care to children and adults are created in accordance with the list of medical assistance and include the average coefficients of frequency of use and frequency of supply:
- medical services;
- varieties of medical nutrition, as well as special products for patients;
- medications registered in Russia (with the setting of average dosages), according to the instructions for their use and pharmacotherapeutic composition according to the anatomical and therapeutic chemical specification, certified by the World Health Organization;
- blood components;
- medical products transplanted into the human body;
- other services based on the specificity of the disease (condition).
The use and purpose of medical devices, products and specialized food products that are not included in the relevant standard of medical services is permitted in connection with the patient's medical indications by decision of the medical board. And here additional procedures for the provision of medical care are already provided.
Treatment for bleeding
External blood flow occurs due to injury to blood vessels with the appearance of blood on the surface of the skin. The strength of the bleeding is determined by the type of wound in the blood vessel. With small cuts, an insignificant blood flow appears, and with damage to large blood vessels (veins, arteries), blood flows out instantly, and bleeding can be life-threatening for the victim.
Arterial blood flow is usually strong and fast, with sharp pain in the damaged area of the body, with a bright red tinge of blood that flows from the wound with a stream.
For venous bleeding, a more uniform blood flow from the lesion site is characteristic. Blood is dark red or burgundy and flows constantly. To eliminate such blood flows, there are certain procedures for the provision of medical care.
If fainting occurs
This phenomenon is considered an unexpected loss of consciousness , which is accompanied by a weakening of the breathing and heart. Fainting occurs with rapidly forming anemia of the brain, it lasts from several seconds to 3-10 minutes and even more. Fainting indicators are:
- loss of consciousness;
- nausea;
- lethargy;
- pallor and coolness of the skin;
- dizziness;
- slow breathing
- rare and weak pulse (up to 40 beats per minute).
The first thing to do in this situation is to put the patient on his back so that his legs are raised and his head is lowered. In order to improve the condition of the victim, there are certain procedures for the provision of medical care.
- Release chest and neck from tight clothing to facilitate breathing.
- Cover the patient with something warm and apply a heating pad to the legs.
- Let ammonia smell and rub it with whiskey.
- Spray your face with cool water.
- If the swoon is prolonged, artificial respiration is required.
- As the patient comes out of a swoon, you need to immediately give him strong coffee.
Help for minor injuries
If there is a deep cut or puncture with any object, you should perform the following actions:
- wash the wound with soapy water or an antiseptic solution - a therapeutic agent that has antimicrobial efficacy (for example, hydrogen peroxide, iodine) and is used to treat scratches and cuts;
- to clean dirty abrasions, it is necessary to use a sterile swab or napkin, starting movement from the center of the wound and heading to its edges;
- apply a small tourniquet.
The services of a specialist will be needed only in a situation if there is a danger of getting into an infection cut.
Surgical care procedures
There are some rules for giving people surgical assistance.
- The legal procedure approves the requirements for providing medical services to an adult in the specialty "surgery" in medical clinics.
- Surgical care is provided in the form of the first medical, specialized, high-tech assistance.
- Procedures for the provision of medical care can be carried out on an outpatient basis (there is no round-the-clock medical supervision and therapy), in a day hospital (treatment and medical supervision are provided during the day, there is no constant monitoring), in-patient (by agreement, which provides round-the-clock supervision and therapy).
- Primary health care services include procedures for the treatment of surgical conditions and ailments, as well as diagnostics, medical rehabilitation, prevention, and the maintenance of a healthy way of human life.
At the present time, it is very important for everyone to know the procedures and standards for providing medical care in any situation. After all, you can always find yourself in the place where you will need to help the victim. And if this is done correctly, then it is possible to save the patient’s life before the arrival of the ambulance.