Estimates are the appendix to the contract between the contractor and the customer, in which the cost of the work is calculated. The document also provides costing for materials.
Estimated cost - the base value for determining the total size of capital investments, contract prices for products and materials. Let us further consider what types of construction estimates are .
General information on settlement documents
Specialists note that estimates for large projects must be ordered from professionals.
Estimated by type of work is an integral part of the working documentation. There are a number of requirements for its design. As a rule, estimates are made at the same time as the project.
Local estimates
They are compiled for a specific type of work or for one object. This type of estimate is used when the estimated amount of work and expenses is not finally determined.
Costing is made at contractual prices. In the appendix or in the estimate itself, a list of all materials is given with an indication of the unit cost of each of them. In the final part, the total cost of all materials that will be used when performing a specific type of work or the entire facility as a whole is calculated.
Object estimates
They combine local calculations. In this estimate reflect all types of costs. In the budget for landscaping, for example, there may be calculations for:
- Creating landscape design.
- Construction of the gazebo.
- Installing a fountain.
- Creation of a playground, etc.
Summary calculation
This type of estimates is intended to reflect generalized, aggregated indicators. The consolidated calculation takes into account a variety of costs.
The main types of expenses in the estimate are the costs of:
- Construction equipment.
- Finishing work.
- Materials
The consolidated calculation includes a calculation of the costs of demolition of the structure, preparation of documents for the allocation of the land for construction, the costs associated with obtaining technical conditions, etc.
Features of the compilation
Each type of estimate has its own characteristics, which must be taken into account when preparing the document. If necessary, the developer can make the calculation on their own. However, as a rule, customers turn to specialized companies.
Any type of estimate can be made on the computer using the program Exel. In addition, special applications are released. They have already laid down the main indicators, types of work, cost, types of materials, consumption rates, etc.
If the object of capital construction is large, for the convenience of contractors and the customer, all work is divided into stages. Accordingly, payment is made as each of them is completed.
Nuances
In any construction project, there is a section that lists all the materials, indicates the time to complete a particular stage of work. The deadline for the completion of the finished object is also established. Accordingly, in a properly drawn up estimate, quantitative characteristics of all the envisaged works must be present: from digging a pit to finishing.
In any form of estimates, overhead costs are taken into account. These include, in particular, transportation costs, costs of paying for the services of the administrative department of the contractor, etc. These costs amount to approximately 10-15% of the total amount of costs. In addition, you must take into account the profit of the contractor. It is about 20% of all costs.
As practice shows, in the conduct of construction work can not do without additional costs. In the estimate, it is necessary to provide a small percentage for them. However, the budgetor must explain to the customer the conditions for the occurrence of such costs.
Stages
The budgeting process includes:
- Calculation of costs for the implementation of the project.
- Determination of the total amount of necessary investments.
- Payroll workers.
- Costing of materials, structures, equipment.
- Determination of total estimated cost.
As a rule, all calculations are presented in tabular form. In this form, it is convenient for the user of the estimates to compare and evaluate the correctness of the calculations.
Adjustment
Not a single estimate is complete without it. In this case, the adjustment will be carried out repeatedly, especially if the calculation is carried out on the project of reconstruction or overhaul.
Additions and changes are made to the estimate after the inspection of the object before the approval of the calculation. Adjustment avoids unforeseen expenses. Usually, after a review, the estimated cost decreases.
Calculation method
Estimates are drawn up, as a rule, by the basic index method. It is based on a system of prognostic and current indices. The method allows you to take into account the level of market prices at different stages of the project.
Indices are used to convert the base cost to the current one at the time of the work. Currently, various software products are being released to help designers, in which existing standards, indices, and coefficients are already laid.
Estimated cost
It includes the calculation of direct and overhead costs, as well as the amount of planned savings.
Direct call the cost of acquiring materials, equipment, labor.
Overhead is necessary to manage and maintain the construction process. In calculating such costs, coefficients are used.
Planned savings are the estimated profits that offset the costs of the company. They include expenses for modernization, development of the enterprise’s infrastructure, and the creation of appropriate working conditions for personnel.