Organizing and regulating the targeted impact of the state through the system of its bodies and its officials on the activities and relations of people, as well as on public processes as an option of social administration, these are signs of public administration. This is a special type of influence on people by other people who own information in order to streamline socially significant processes and ensure the sustainable development of social systems.
Definition
Signs of public administration in the broad sense are control over the affairs of the state, which is exercised by all state bodies in each branch of government, and in the narrow sense, this is the direct organization of social public processes by executive activity. What is government? The activities of government officials, practically embodying the political course developed by the relevant procedures. Signs of government are specifically listed below.
Signs
- The exercise of a single state power, having competency and functional specificity, which is visibly different from other forms of real power.
- The executive-administrative nature of the activity, where the main direction is the implementation, that is, the actual implementation of laws and regulations, which can be achieved through the use of legal and authority powers that are necessary.
- Public administration, signs, the principles of which are the prerogative of special entities, which are indicated by executive-administrative or special authorities.
- Executive activity, which is carried out daily and directly by the management of economic, socio-cultural or administrative-political construction.
- The activity is by-law and carried out on the basis of and on the execution of the law, in relation to the activity of the legislative state administration for the second time.
- Lawmaking is only possible provided for by applicable law, if law enforcement is combined with law enforcement.
- The activity is organizing and is organizational and administrative in nature.
- Management activity in its process implements the functions of the state.
- The activities are carried out by strictly authorized management entities.
- The subjects of public administration are officials of state bodies vested with authority.
- The objects of government are enterprises and organizations, as well as citizens who do not have authority.
These are only the main features of government. The secondary ones will be mentioned in the further text of the article.
Characteristics
A kind of social management is public administration. That is, the influence of specific people on the rest, in order to streamline the processes of social development and all social systems. The concept and signs of public administration can be characterized as a manifestation of the joint activities of people, their organization in appropriate teams for this purpose and the organizational design of these teams. In addition, such a joint activity is streamlined, coordination of the individual actions of all participants is given, and their will and behavior are influenced.
Public administration necessarily has power, based on subordination in managerial relations, it has a special apparatus for the realization of its will through organizationally formed groups. Social management is the basis of power, one of the fragments of which is state, along with other types of governance: local governments, associations of citizens, the sphere of production with its own governance and, finally, family governance, which also has its own concept and signs . This can affect public administration only in case of violation of the law in the course of the activities of all of the above systems of social management.
Terminology
The scope of activity of state bodies is the standards of administrative law. This is a legally valid legal activity of a managerial and executive nature, aimed at implementing legislation and implementing in practice all the functions and tasks of the state, whereby it is possible to organize public relations in socio-cultural, economic, administrative and political construction. One of the branches of state power is the executive. This term takes its roots in the legislation of the USSR, when all state power had three branches and one of them was executive.
The role and place of each fragment of social governance is determined by the laws that state power implements. The features of a public administration system are defined quite broadly: the specifics of functions and competences in the exercise of a single authority, when laws and regulations concluded within them are implemented as a result of administrative and executive activities. This would be impossible if there were no certain powers that are legally formalized and vested with power.
Specificity
Specific features of a government body: a certain vertical place in the system of executive and administrative bodies, the ability to exercise the legal power of authority belonging to this subject in an out-of-court, that is, administrative order. The possibility of attracting executive authorities to administrative law-making is the establishment of law and enforcement, as well as the involvement of any parts of the administrative apparatus. A sign of public administration is also a service for the interaction of all elements of power structures.
The main function of the governing body is to direct all state management activities to fulfill the tasks set by the state and achieve the goals also determined by the state. All this activity is entirely in the norms of administrative law. Signs, functions of public administration can be considered in two directions: by direction and place of influence on social and intraorganizational functions and by the content, volume and nature of influence on auxiliary, special and general.
Functions
Common Functions:
- strategic, tactical or operational planning as the initial stage of the entire management process with determining the state of the problem and the procedure for achieving the goal;
- organization as the establishment of temporary or permanent relationships between units, the determination of the conditions and procedure for the functioning of state bodies;
- forecasting as a prediction based on systematic studies of the state, dynamics and prospects in the processes and phenomena of management.
Special functions belong to specific entities: the president, heads of state administrations, and so on. The auxiliary ones are provided for the implementation of special and general functions, and these are current and strategic planning, incentives and financing, personnel management and support, and much more of what the public administration operates with.
Types, signs
In the process of targeted impact on the social, biological, technological, mechanical system, public administration reaches orderliness in its functioning, as a result of which the goals are achieved. A high-quality and holistic system has the necessary elements - the subject and object of management, as well as a certain focus and desire for the goal (achievement of a managerial result). Types of management relate to the systemic link: social is management, biological, technological or mechanical.
Common features
The main features of public administration are already listed, but to continue their list is quite appropriate for more general features inherent in this system.
- Public administration is always present where there is a joint activity of communities or individuals.
- With the help of public administration, the impact on participants in joint activities in the direction of streamlining relations is ensured.
- Public administration is always aimed at a certain managerial result.
- Both subject and control object are present at the same time.
- The subject of control has an imperious resource.
- The control object is subject to the subject.
- Public administration is always limited by a certain mechanism (law).
Among the types of state administration there are public self-government, municipal (local) self-government, state administration. Elements of this system can be management relationships - direct and reverse, as well as the subject and object of management, and the subject can be both collective and individual, and the role of the object can be considered as an individual, a social group and the whole society as a whole, that is, the state.
Relationships and stages in the management cycle
What is a management cycle? These are collectively interconnected and logically determined stages of management, which are characterized by specific tasks and a specific composition of participants. Interconnectedness can be characterized by a targeted and organizing effect of the subject on the object he controls (direct connections), as well as an informational effect of the object on the control subject (feedbacks).
The stages in the management process are: analysis of the situation, development of a decision and its adoption, organization of a decision and its implementation, monitoring and summarizing, as well as making adjustments. Activities for the implementation of special powers are, in the broad sense, the state government. The concept, features, functions basically have already been defined here, but you can expand this range by considering the individual branches of a given system.
Activities
Administrative government activities are executive-administrative in nature and have legally confirmed authority. The implementation of management is planned, continuous and constant, and always on the basis of the law.
Public administration has ties both vertical and horizontal and operates both in legal and non-legal forms, as it is provided with a guarantee system. Violation of the norms and rules of managerial activity may entail negative consequences in the form of legal restrictions.
Government Goals
The goal is the intended result, which is predetermined and to which the subject aspires, carrying out managerial activities. Goals can be varied.
- Social and economic goals serve to streamline social life and satisfy the interests of society, achieve prosperity, build and maintain a system of relations in the economy.
- Political goals are aimed at participating in the management of all political forces of the country, at developing positive proposals in the processes of development of society and the state, which contribute to the improvement of social and state structures, as well as the development of man as such.
- Security goals serve the rights and freedoms of citizens and public rule of law, order, security, and the necessary level of social welfare.
- Organizational and legal goals form a legal system that promotes the implementation of the functions of the state, the solution of its tasks with the help of democratic institutions and other state legal mechanisms.
Principles of Public Administration
The fundamental ideas and guiding principles that laid the foundation for management activities to reveal its essence - the principles of public administration exist in two forms - organizational and socio-legal. To general, that is, socio-legal should include:
- democracy, when the people are the only source of power;
- legality based on precise and strict observance and enforcement of laws and the Constitution of the Russian Federation;
- objectivity - an adequate perception of the processes that occur in society, the establishment of patterns and their consideration in the adoption and implementation of decisions;
- scientific - the collection, analysis and storage of information, accounting of scientific developments;
- concreteness - the construction of management on the basis of specific data on life circumstances, that is, the real state of the object must be consistent with the resources of the subject of management;
- separation of powers into judicial, executive and legislative, assignment of specific functions to them;
- federalism - the construction of activities with normative consolidation of the delimitation of competencies between the Russian Federation and its subjects ;
- efficiency - the minimum expenditure of time, money and effort to achieve a managerial result.