Additional education of children is a system of training and creative development that goes beyond the state standard. It is carried out on the basis of specialized organizations. Institutions of supplementary education for children implement programs in the area of ​​students' personal and creative interest, thereby contributing to the formation of not only the foundations of the professional development of the personality, but also the opportunity to reveal their talents and abilities as socially oriented activities, the purpose of which is to benefit society.
Circle activity is a form of free creativity in the sense that a child chooses it voluntarily. It strictly corresponds to the educational system that the program of the additional education circle represents, which determines the volume, content and forms of educational services for children. The presence of the program is a prerequisite for the organization of the circle.
Program structure of the continuing education circle
With all the variety of forms and methods, there is an invariable foundation that meets the purpose of further education. It is reflected in the program, according to which the activities of teachers in institutions are carried out. School for Continuing Education at School must achieve the goal set out in it. The content has the following sections:
- Destination . Answers the question of what purpose the classes are organized for and for whom they are intended.
- The purpose and objectives of the program. The orientation and stages of the implementation of training are determined.
- Content A brief description of the cycles, depending on the topic, level of difficulty, duration of education and age of children.
- Criteria for evaluation. How is the level of assimilation of knowledge determined.
- Thematic planning. A list of all topics of all classes, the number of hours needed to learn the program.
Any training system contains three main aspects for which it is created: goal, objectives, methods of achieving results. The program of additional education carries a very important social purpose: it satisfies a person’s request for personal development and, depending on the nature of the request, has a different orientation.
Development programs by area of ​​activity
The interests of children, their ways of understanding the world and the sphere of self-realization, are very different. Therefore, the need for additional services is quite multifaceted. Since additional education meets the needs of children and their parents, the goals of development and education should be reflected in programs of different levels and areas of child development:
- Artistic.
- Technical.
- Science.
- Sports.
- Musical.
- Socio-pedagogical.
In the presence of additional requests and the specifics of the local sociocultural environment, other forms of services can be provided that meet the needs of the population, which satisfies the additional education of children.
Additional education services for children not only expand the boundaries of knowledge of their wards. On their basis, large-scale projects for the organization of festivals, contests, competitions are carried out. All this allows students to increase self-esteem, to prove themselves at the level of urban, regional, international scale.
Where are continuing education programs implemented?
Creative and additional education of children and adolescents under development programs is carried out in special creative associations. A circle of additional education makes it possible to organize children according to their interests. It is precisely the possibility of forming a close creative environment based on a narrowly specialized field or on a passion for any field of knowledge that makes circles an irreplaceable form of positive socialization of children.
The interest of children in a certain field of knowledge or creative activity is the basis for the creation and implementation of the circle program. Developers and teachers of supplementary education develop and implement it, who create a subject environment and implement the tasks set in the programs developed by them and approved by the administration of the institution.
Appointment
In order for the circle to start work in a preschool educational institution or school, it is important to provide an activity program, in the introductory part of which its purpose is described.
To organize classes in circles, the program should contain an indication of:
- area of ​​interest in which it is implemented;
- children's age;
- training cycles;
- duration of study;
- tasks that she solves.
The provision of such services takes place on the basis of the institution of additional education for children, in the form of creative associations, sections for different ages.
The purpose of the program determines the content of the training. The introductory part of the program limits the volume, focus, level of provision of additional educational services. It reveals the social orientation of learning. The importance of the educational component for the revival of ethnic, cultural and historical traditions for the local socio-cultural environment is indicated. It is also important to determine the educational goals that are decided in the process of implementing the program.
The purpose and objectives of the program
A program is a consistent set of activities to achieve a developmental goal.
Goal. Corresponds to the request of a person aimed at what he wants to receive. The purpose of the continuing education program is to provide that level of knowledge and skills in the field of interest to a person in order to satisfy his request.
Tasks. Any continuing education program forms three groups of tasks:
- Knowledge of the field of subject interest.
- The ability to put knowledge into practice.
- Skills for using knowledge in the subject area.
Methodology Answers the question of how to achieve the goal, and directly leads to the plan for achieving it in an hourly breakdown of topics and exercises for a phased solution to problems.
Summary of Continuing Education Program
Its importance lies in the fact that it guarantees the student the amount and amount of knowledge that he requests, or those that are offered in the circle for visiting children. Training programs are single and multi-level, they must necessarily take into account the psychophysiological age characteristics of the children for whom they are designed. Therefore, the content is divided into blocks or training cycles, each stage of which should lead to the solution of a separate educational problem and the formation of certain skills in the child who has mastered this block of knowledge.
The training blocks should be interconnected, consistent with the tasks of the stage and lead to the achievement of the program goal.
The program of the additional education circle includes a list of skills, knowledge and skills that are formed in a child who has received a range of knowledge in his chosen field. Voluntary attendance of classes is a fundamental principle of the development of children, which ensures their personality-oriented development.
Program Acceptance Evaluation Criteria
In accordance with the tasks set, the program of the circle should indicate the criteria on the basis of which it is possible to assess the degree of assimilation of the knowledge acquired by the child and the ability to put it into practice.
The criteria are:
1. Child's knowledge on topics. They can be evaluated in the form of a competition for the manifestation of knowledge, participation in the Olympiad. Or in other forms of offset in a form that is fascinating for the student.
2. Skills acquired by students. This is the ability to put knowledge into practice. For example, to sew a soft toy, while demonstrating not only knowledge of the technique of execution, the ability to sew, but also the practical result is the manufacture of crafts.
Additional education of children in circles is a socially significant form of satisfying the cognitive needs of children and adolescents, as it provides personal freedom of choice in the field of knowledge, the sphere of self-realization. The form of the criteria for evaluating the acquired skills should also correspond to their interests (games, contests and competitions, which corresponds to the age characteristics of children who learn the world in game forms).
Thematic planning of the work of the circles
Additional education of children always acts as a system of knowledge and practice. Therefore, an important element is the thematic lesson planning, which is part of the continuing education program.
In accordance with the training cycle, it presents a breakdown into the hourly grid of classes. The set of classes, in the process of implementation of which knowledge is acquired and skills are developed, is determined by the number of hours of training.
The development of the number of hours necessary for acquiring the skill stipulated by the program leads to a certain quality of knowledge and the solution of the next educational task by the program. Thus, the training cycle is completed, according to which additional education of children is built.
For example, if a child is taught in a drawing circle, the “Pencil Technique” block may include four hours of practical training in the study and application of this drawing method and should have the result — the child’s ability to draw with a pencil correctly.
Additional education at school. Mugs
For the creative and cognitive development of children, their basic knowledge in a narrowly focused area, it is necessary to create a professional environment. The continuing education group at school serves the interests of the students. Often it performs the function of an extended day group, which is important for working parents, since the child is under the social patronage of teachers during the day.
The purpose of continuing education programs in schools is as follows:
- They provide in-depth knowledge in individual subjects. For example, the program of the literary circle, in addition to an in-depth knowledge of the subject, makes it possible to create your own works and publish them in school publications. In the young chemist's circle, the goal of the program is to prepare for participation in olympiads and creative contests.
- Provide an opportunity for creative development of students. For many children, it serves as a form of self-realization. The aim of the programs of creative circles is also to provide children with the opportunity to participate in festivals, performances, concerts at various levels to manifest their talents and gain professional foundations of activity.
- Provide knowledge in the field of professions and crafts. Mugs of applied value in schools provide insights into professional knowledge, skills and abilities. They are determined by application programs . For example, a circle of aircraft modeling, designing, cutting and sewing, knitting. In this area of ​​realization of children's opportunities, they are invited to make the product with their own hands, to demonstrate it at exhibitions. In the process of manufacturing products, the student receives initial knowledge that can be useful to him in the future as a practical life skill or in professional self-determination.
An important social function is performed by additional education at school. Mugs humanitarian and artistic cycles have great resources for unlocking the abilities of gifted students. They form the composition of subjects of in-depth study, which creates a steady professional interest of the student. This in the future may be the basis for choosing a profession.
An educational institution of additional education, for example a music or art school, provides such a level of professional training for graduates that guarantees the successful passage of creative entrance tests in a higher educational institution.
Programs in DOW
In kindergartens, programs of continuing education circles are created taking into account age psychology. They have a structure that meets the age-related capabilities of children and, taking into account the game activity as the leading form of cognition for this age.
Kindergarten continuing education circle
organizes children's education
fine
activities, dancing, music, other forms of creative activity. At the same time, children better learn about the world around them, which the program provides.
- The program of continuing education "Theater Circle". The goal is to get acquainted with the classical literary genres and folklore in the form of a theatrical performance.
- The program of the circle of fine arts activities. Blocks of training in visual activity are built taking into account the season. The child must correlate knowledge with the phenomena of the world. Program of a circle of continuing education in fine arts in kindergarten provides for the mastery of special drawing techniques - finger, tychkovoy, which is liked by children of this age.
- The program of the circle of family creative development. To teach children together with parents means not to miss a very important stage in pedagogy, not to prevent a child from realizing his or her identity. In this case, the program of the additional education circle in kindergarten provides for the following social aspects:
- training parents to competently interact with children, taking into account the age characteristics of the child;
- teaching parents knowledge in the field of preschool pedagogy.
Thus, in the process of joint learning, not only educational tasks are achieved. More ambitious problems are being solved: harmonization of family relations and the formation of a culture of parenting.