Such a complex feeling as vision has a peculiar structure. The eye consists of a vitreous, aqueous humor and lens. And in what this organ is stored, we will consider further.
Anatomy of the eye
The bone sphere in the orbit is the paired part of the skull that contains the organ of vision - the eye. The cavity of the orbit forms a model of a broken pyramid with its four walls. The anatomy of the orbit stores an eyeball with a circulatory system, nerve endings, fatty layer and lacrimal gland. The orbit has a large opening on the front side, which is the basis of the irregular pyramid bounded by the bone of the orbital edge.
In the structure of the orbit there is the most expanded entrance, gradually tapering to the center. There are also axes that extend along and across one of the eye sockets. Their optic nerves are connected in the middle of the eye. The walls of the orbit border the nasal cavity. And with the front part of the forehead, the bones that form the orbit connect. Along the edges they are adjacent to the temporal fossa.
The structure of the eye socket looks like a square with rounded edges. The supraorbital nerve connecting the frontal bone and the process of the cheekbone extends over the orbital cavity. From the inside, the entrance to the opening of the skull is closed by the medial edge formed by the frontal bone of the nose and the skeleton of the upper jaw. At the bottom of the pathway, the infraorbital nerve passes into the orbit, connecting to the upper jaw and the zygomatic part. The lateral edge of the orbit is framed by the zygomatic part.
Full eye sockets
The facial skull consists of a series of holes. One of which is the eye socket. Its walls are very fragile.
Wall top
It consists of the orbital plane of the frontal bone and a small area of the sphenoid bone. This bone separates the walls of the orbit from the intracranial fossa and brain of the head. And on the outside, the upper wall borders on the temporal cavity.
Bottom of the wall
It connects to the front of the upper jaw. This wall also borders on the cheek bone. The lower wall is located above the maxillary sinus, which you should know for medical purposes.
Medial wall
It connects to the upper jaw and to the insertion of the ethmoid bone. The medial wall is very thin. It has openings for the passage of nerve endings and blood vessels. This factor explains the occurrence of pathological processes through this lattice in the eye and vice versa.
Lateral wall
It is formed from the orbital cavity of the sphenoid bone and part of the cheekbones of the skull, as well as the frontal bone. The lateral wall separates the edges of the eye from the temporal part.
In the hole for the eye there are many gaps and passages with which the orbit connects to other forms of the facial skull:
1. The visual channel of the nerve ending;
2. lower lacrimal opening;
3. upper slit of the eye;
4. zygomatic opening;
5. nasolacrimal passage;
6. lattice cells.
The structure of the eye socket will give us a detailed answer to all questions of interest about the location of the eye.
Inside the orbit, along the edges of the lateral and upper walls, there is a gap that is closed on one side by a sphenoid bone, and on the other by its wing. It combines the orbital foramen with the middle fossa of the facial skull. Through the upper orbital entrance, the motor nerves of the eye slip. A collection of such important nerve endings in the outskirts of the orbital entrance explains the formation of symptoms in which a healthy area can be affected by the orbital fissure syndrome.
The medial wall consists of the lacrimal cavity of the skull, ethmoid cells and part of the skull of the sphenoid bone. The lacrimal path passes in front, which follows into the lacrimal sac. There is a hole in it that abuts against the nasolacrimal discharge.
Two cracks pass above the medial wall. The first is a trellised entrance located at the initial edge of the frontal suture, and the second gap runs along the last edge of the frontal sulcus. The anatomy of the orbit is a very difficult choice of viewing angles. A full view of the facial skull from the inside will help us to cut it up and down.
The structure of the eye socket
1. Zygomatic segment of the forehead bone.
2. A wide part of the sphenoid bone.
3. The cavity of the zygomatic surface.
4. The frontal process.
5. The main orbital outlet.
6. Cheekbone-facial plexus.
7. Part of the cheekbones of the skull.
8. The infraorbital tract.
9. Part of the upper jaw.
10. Orbital fissure.
11. The nasal passage.
12. The palatine segment of the skull.
13. Part of the lacrimal groove.
14. The orbital strip of the ethmoid link.
15. The lacrimal path along the skull.
16. Back lacrimal lacrimal.
17. The maxillary frontal segment.
18. The first trellised window.
19. The last lattice window.
20. The infraorbital fissure.
21. The visual passage.
22. The small wing of the wedge-shaped surface of the skull.
23. Orbital foramen from above.
In ordinary adults, the volume of the orbital sphere is approximately 30 ml, and the eye is 6.5 ml.
Eye socket anatomy
The orbit sphere of the eye socket is two hollows in the form of a pyramid, which have a base, four walls and an apex. The base, which is located inside the skull, is formed by four corners. The bones that form the orbit connect to the extreme angle of the frontal bone, and the angle from below connects to the maxillary bone. The medial edge borders the frontal, lacrimal and maxillary bone. The lateral angle is combined with the jaw.
The apex of the orbit passes at the medial angle of the orbital foramen from above and smoothly passes into the channel of the nerve ending of the eye.
Combining the orbital foramen with the skull
At the top of the orbit there is an impressive opening along which the visual channel and the artery of the eye pass. In the front protrusions of the medial edge there is a fossa of the lacrimal sac, which continues through the nasolacrimal canal, passing into the nasal cavity.
The orbital entrance below passes through the lateral and lower edge of the orbit. Then he goes into the palatine pterygoid and temporal fossa. Along it passes the inferior vein of the eye, which flows into the superior artery. It connects to the venous plexus and passes through the nerves and artery located below the orbit.
Through the upper opening, which goes into the middle cranial fossa, the oculomotor nerve plexuses enter, as well as the trigeminal nerve. The superior vein of the eye flows immediately, which is the main collector of the veins of the eyeball.
Orb sphere structure
The sphere contains an eyeball with its processes, a communication apparatus with the facial skull, blood vessels, nerve plexuses, muscles and lacrimal glands, surrounded by fat on the edges. Ahead, the orbital sphere is limited by the orbital fascia, interwoven into the cartilage of the eyelids. It fuses with the periosteum at the corners of the sphere. The lacrimal sac passes in front of the orbital fascia and lies outside the cavity of the orbit. This is how the anatomy of the eye socket looks in the facial section.
Value in medicine
In the place of plexus of the neurovascular ends of the orbital fissure with the occurrence of various pathological processes in this area, the syndrome of the “superior orbital fissure” may occur. With such a disease, a prolapse of the upper eyelid may appear . Also, with this syndrome, complete immobility of the eye may appear, the pupil gradually expands.
At the site of the pathology, a sensitivity disorder is observed, and at the site of the distribution of the trigeminal plexus, numbness of the nerve endings and expansion of the veins of the initial part of the eye may occur. Given all sorts of difficulties that follow after treatment or after surgery, you must first consult several doctors at once: a neurologist, optometrist, endocrinologist, therapist. It is necessary to pass all the required tests, carry out diagnostics, tonometry, biomicroscopy. Then it is already possible to carry out a medical intervention.