Training a person, at first glance, seems to be a very simple task. However, in practice, teaching someone something is not easy. Indeed, by nature - a person is prone to laziness, and only the need to care for daily bread makes him develop and gain new knowledge and skills. That is why the learning process of the new generation is so important that a whole science is created for its study - pedagogy. Let's find out more about it, and also find out what is the object of pedagogy and how it differs from the subject and subject.
What is "pedagogy"
This noun is called a science that focuses on the education of the individual in each of its age periods.
The following chain of concepts is closely connected with pedagogy : education-training-education-formation-development-socialization.
To better understand them, you should find out the definition of each.
- Parenting is a systematic and purposeful process of forming a student's system of views and beliefs, as well as knowledge and skills.
- Education is the process of interaction between the teacher and his ward, with the aim of assimilating the latter's knowledge system, forming his skills, as well as developing the student's natural inclinations.
- Education - this concept has a dual nature. On the one hand, it is a complex of education and training. On the other - this is the result they achieved.
- Formation - the development of personality under the influence of external factors and internal motives.
- Development is a process of changes in a person, as a result of which he is improving morally, intellectually and professionally. Unlike other pedagogical phenomena, this is spasmodic. In other words, from the theory, trends in the development of the student can be calculated, however, in practice, this process takes place at each individual speed.
- Socialization is the process of adaptation of an individual in society. Like education, this category relates to pedagogical purposes. That is, pedagogy is aimed at helping the individual find his place in society and turn into its full and useful member.
What are the sections of pedagogy
Before you figure out what is the object of pedagogy, you should find out what sections this science has. The fact is that some of them have somewhat more highly specialized objects.
As a rule, eight sections are allocated.
- History of pedagogy.
- Special, it’s also medical.
- Comparative.
- Correctional (penitentiary).
- Age.
- Social.
- Practical
- The total.
What is the object of pedagogy as a science
Having considered in general terms what pedagogy is, it is worth moving on to the main thing.
First of all, it is worth noting that the question "What is the object of study of pedagogy?", Different teachings respond differently.
Sometimes there is an opinion that if the subject in this process is a teacher, then the student himself acts as the object. However, this interpretation is not entirely correct. After all, it significantly narrows the scope of the science in question, since the educated person is not an object of pedagogy.
World-famous teacher-practitioner A.S. Makarenko in the early twentieth century. noted the fallacy of such a statement, urging colleagues to concentrate not on the student, but on his psyche. However, such a progressive view was not complete. The fact is that the human psyche (in this case, the student) is an object of another science (psychology). And although this aspect is always taken into account when organizing the educational process, it is also not an object of pedagogy.
What is it then? The real object of pedagogy is education.
In other words, this is the totality of phenomena and processes associated with the formation and socialization of the individual.
Subject and object in pedagogy: what is the difference?
Having considered what is the subject and object of the science being studied, it is worth learning about its subject.
Like an object, it is focused on education. However, in this case, we are talking about a practical, focused, thought-out process organized not only in general educational institutions, but also in families.
What is the object of special pedagogy and social
As already mentioned above, in some branches of the science under consideration, distinguished are excellent, more highly specialized objects.
So in medical pedagogy (concentrated on the study and organization of the educational process with students with special needs), the object is directly the personality of such a problem child. At the same time, the subject is still the same process of education.
Social pedagogy is aimed at studying and analyzing the impact of the environment on education.
As in the previous case, in general, the student himself is the object of social pedagogy. However, in particular, its adaptation in society is considered, in the process of personality formation.
The subject of social pedagogy is the pattern of socialization.
What is an object in other pedagogical sciences
In the history of pedagogy, the object is the regularity of development (in theory and in practice) of the educational process of various peoples in different eras, and the finding of general trends.
In age-related pedagogy, this is the education of a child from birth to before it becomes an adult.
In the case of comparative pedagogy, it is a comparison of educational systems and institutions in different countries, a search for their features related to the culture of a single nation.
The object of penitentiary pedagogy is the educational system in correctional institutions.