What is a lyrical plot? What are its features? What features does he have? How does the lyrical plot develop?
general information
The lyrical plot in literature is the life of characters in the spatio-temporal dimension in the broad sense. Or, more simply, a chain of events that were recreated in a work. At the same time, when a change in the situation occurs, the character moves through the edge of the semantic field, which is associated with cognitive transformations.
A feature of the lyrics is the preservation of subjective syncretism, and the plot reflects the process of cognitive activity of the creator-author. At the same time, the subject sphere, forming an organization and a single space-time continuum, is connected. The lyrical plot reveals the author's intentions, on the basis of which a picture of the world is formed, which is embodied in an artistic text.
How was this view formed?
The original lyrical plot of the work attracted the attention of Hegel. He paid special attention to action and event. The first, from the point of view of the philosopher, is the dynamic unity of what is happening. Hegel justified the plot as an aesthetic category. At the same time, he considered the event not as an ordinary incident, but as an action, which is carried out with a special purpose, the execution of which is planned.
This point of view was further developed in the writings of Tamarchenko, Bakhtin and several others. Moreover, special attention was paid to the "target" nature of the concept. The plot was systematically studied by Shklovsky, Tomashevsky, Tynyanov, Vygotsky. It was the representatives of Russian literary criticism who managed to form the simplest construction of the plot, which is known to many: the plot - the climax - the denouement.
The greatest effectiveness in this matter was shown by Tomashevsky. Although you should not ignore Tynianov, who defined the plot as a connection of verbal dynamics. Such a worldview has become widespread thanks to the formal opposition of vital material and the influence with which it turns into a work of fiction.
Faceted diamond
In the study of archaic material, attention was paid not to the disposition of events, but to the semantics of traditional elements (such as function and motive). It was concluded that the plot, from a temporary point of view, is the organizing center of events. The type of hero used also has an effect. So, in the epic there are tests and the process of formation, in the drama there are tragic and comic developments in situations.
The type of plot can be classified, depending on the universal structural scheme that dominates it. It can be cumulative or cyclical. Moreover, the structure depends on the genre. This is true for all works of art, although in the case of lyrics there are certain distinctive features.
So, the lyrical plot and its movement depends on the space-time continuum and the subject as structural components of the entire line and a separate event that occurs on its specific part. By the way, for quite a long time, the installation worked on it, which Hegel formed in his writings. He thought that in the lyrics the form and the content depend on the subject.
The philosopher believed that unity does not create an external cause, but a way of perceiving the subject and the subjective internal movement of the soul. Therefore, the lyrics depended on the personal qualities of their creator.
But over time, the subject-object approach has spread in the art world. How did they come together? The subject organization interacted with the objective realities of reality, which was transformed by the author into an art form. The period of formation of this approach includes the golden and silver age of literature, that is, until the beginning of the 20th century.
Changes
To the above point of view was modified, it took a lot of research in the field of literary criticism, philosophy and psychology. The new vision was framed in the concept of Bakhtin, which subjectivity was interpreted as the possibility of "co-existence of consciousnesses." Based on it, in the 21st century they deduced the "genetic code" of lyrics - subjective syncretism. It is now recognized that all the elements that are involved in the formation of the plot have their own characteristics. Because of this, the general description and characterization of the lyrics will become more complicated.
Complementing the picture of the world
Traditionally, the lyrics, on the basis of its specific eventuality, have been considered as fabulous (or plotless). An example is Zhirmunsky, who calls it a non-plot genre. Although they still recognize that there is a distinctive feature embodied in the word. Zhirmunsky’s reasoning partially overlaps with the thoughts of Tomaszewski, who pays special attention to the semantic unit. The role was such for him. At the same time, attention was paid to the art-valuable sound complex, the emphasis was on its manifestations in poetry.
The peculiarity of Tomashevsky’s vision is that he does not consider a causal linkage of events, but the development of a verbal theme. This feature of the lyrical plot in a slightly different interpretation will be considered by Bakhtin. Tomashevsky distinguished three parts of any work:
- Introduction to the topic.
- Its development.
- The closure of the poem.
Existing Points of View
In the 17s of the last century, the literary scholars actively discussed the problem of the lyrical plot. Regardless of their position, the participants in the discussion reached a unity in one thing - the need to proceed from the subject-object relationship. In other matters, various interpretations were put forward. So, some were inclined to consider the plot as a movement of emotions that connect the individual elements of the text.
At the same time, one can observe complexity, depth, emotional richness, laconicism and the greatest brevity when using information and narrative material to a minimum. At the same time, the lyrics show the truth through personal experiences of reality.
About structure
According to many researchers, the development of the lyrical plot is subject to hierarchical relations. This refers to the situation when the hero of a work becomes the spiritual, emotional and structural center of a poem. At the same time, he can observe anonymity, and his image is completed by the movement of the lyrical plot.
An empirical element representing living reality is recognized as the basis that carries the entire construction. Some disagree with this. And they believe that the lyrical “I” and the empirical element are just forms of author’s consciousness. And as an alternative, the concept of experiencing an event is proposed. In this case, a system of visual and expressive means of the story is built.
Let's look at an example.
And as an object for study, we will choose the great creator of the 19th century, who presented the pearls of artworks - Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin. He had an interesting writing style: he wrote about things that a lot of people care about - the meaning of life, friendship, tyranny, love.
And the contemporary reader is excited and compelled to worry about his works together with the lyrical hero. And he is found in all his creations. The lyric plot of Pushkin creates a complex and multifaceted hero. He is patriotic, freedom-loving, protests against despotism and tyranny. The hero believes that justice will triumph. You can verify this by familiarizing yourself with his worldview. He loves, is close to nature, discusses the meaning. Before us is revealed a subject with positive personal qualities.
Great influence on the lyrical hero of Pushkin had his friendship with the Decembrists. In his famous ode to Liberty, a thirst for justice and impulses for freedom whip. It promotes the idea that an enlightened ruler, a person who understands what responsibility lies with him, should govern the country. Although Pushkin paid attention to more familiar and mundane feelings for a wide range of people. Let's look at one of his works.
"Winter morning"
This poem was not written in the best mental state. Then Pushkin's life was full of loneliness and sadness. But despite this, the lyrical plot of "Winter Morning" celebrates the beauty of Russian winter. This poem perfectly reveals the magic of nature. Without exaggeration, this work is one of the best representatives of the genre of landscape lyrics. Even his name alone sounds romantic. A beautiful picture of Russian nature arises from him in imagination, trees in their dazzling snow decoration, beckoning with their cold calmness.
Structurally, "Winter Morning" consists of five stanzas, each of them is a six-item. The first conveys admiration for the Russian frosty winter. The lyrical hero gently calls for his beloved to wake up. The second stanza recalls last night, full of indignation and violence of the elements. Such a contrast allows the lyrical hero to admire the wonderful weather even more. Then the reader is transported to a warm, cozy room, where logs merrily rattle in the oven, and you can not be afraid of cold and cold. And finally, before us, wonderful winter landscapes rise again.
Creating a work of art
In the poem "Winter Morning" we find a vivid image of a beautiful winter frosty morning:
sky, sun, ice, river, hoarfrost, spruce . Pushkin also successfully uses verbs that give the text the dynamics of life:
come, wake up, turn black, turn green .
And what phrases! A wonderful day, a clear forest, magnificent carpets, funny crackle, amber shine, dear friend - all these positive epithets will awaken joyful emotions and good mood in the reader’s soul (as Dmitry Anatolyevich bequeathed to us). And at the same time, Pushkin uses words with a negative color to describe the evening inclement weather: the clouds are gloomy, in a cloudy sky . For the blizzard, he uses personification, which gives her the properties characteristic of a person: angry, worn .
There is a peculiar syntactic structure of the language in Winter Morning. Initially, the author uses narrative sentences that are easy to read. Then the plot changes, he becomes excited. Exclamation sentences appear. Questions arise, one of which is rhetorical.
Also, when creating Pushkin, the treatment is widely used: a lovely friend, a beauty . In addition to them, there is direct speech in the poem, as well as introductory words. All this makes the reader feel as if he was involved in the events described. We face a lyrical hero who is poetic, able to discern beauty and loving the nature of his native land. A joyful and cheerful tone gives readers a sense of something festive and bright.
Conclusion
So we examined what a lyrical plot is. Moreover, mind you, from two different points of view. Initially, literary studies helped us figure this out. Then we went on to one of the finest examples of lyrics, found out the conditions under which it was created, what was remarkable, and also examined subtle, but at the same time very important points, without which “Winter Morning” would not have been a recognized poem of a great genius. Well, perhaps, among the readers there is someone who will adopt these approaches. Then the appearance of the new Pushkin is just around the corner.