The participle is considered one of the most interesting, but at the same time difficult parts of speech in the morphology of our language. An example of the analysis of this part of speech, as well as its differences from other groups, we consider in more detail in this article.
Ambiguous opinion
As you know, linguists still can not agree on what communion is. Some are inclined to believe that this is the most common independent part of speech. It has a number of its own characteristics that other groups do not possess, its own declination system, and many other distinctive features.
Others consider it a special form of another part of speech - the verb. The sacrament (an example of the words belonging to this group, we give in the article below) is still in limbo. Therefore, we will not consider any of the points of view erroneous.
Pledge
The mentioned part of speech has a category of voice. It is not only in our language, but also in many others, for example, in English. Actual participle (examples: thinking, living, singing) is defined as one that conveys an action performed by the actor himself.
So, if we have the word “flying” in front of us, then we immediately imagine the object that is flying. It can be a bird or an airplane - they do it themselves, and therefore we can consider such a participle valid, that is, without the help of someone doing their job.
Passive participle is considered the opposite in meaning (examples: felled, drawn, chopped). In this case, in order for the action to take effect, the help of another person or object is necessary.
An embroidered pattern is a passive communion, since the pattern could not have made itself. He was created by one who picked up a needle and thread.
It should be noted that the spelling of this part of the speech will depend on a correctly defined voice.
Valid
Each of the participle groups has its own series of special suffixes. Peculiarities of word formation are necessarily considered during the study of each part of speech.
So, the real participle (examples: running away, hungry, distraught, located) has two groups of suffixes, which depend on the time in which we will use it.
The following are currently used:
- - - - - trembling
- - box - - bale box
- - canyon - - roar canyon
- - yushch - - struggling
Past tense. Communion (example: lying) has other suffixes:
- - w - - grew w sh
- - louse - - battle lash
Distinguish them by time is not difficult. It is necessary to substitute auxiliary words for each participle. If the present is before us, then the word “now” (a burning (now) bonfire, a darkening (now) sky) will do.
When we see the sacrament in the past tense, we boldly substitute “yesterday” for it (a crying (yesterday) child carrying a bag (yesterday)).
Suffering
This voice is distinguished by its set of derivational suffixes. So, the passive participle (examples: sought, ground) in the present tense is formed with the help of:
- - om - - attracted oh
- - eat - - unforgettable
- - to them - - dependent on them .
Moreover, the first two suffixes (“ohm” and “eat”) are used only in those participles that were formed from verbs that have the first conjugation. We write “them” only when the verb in the second conjugation is the basis.
In the past tense, this part of speech is used with suffixes:
- - enn - - baked
- - nn - - solder nn
- - t - - count
It must be remembered that the past participles (examples of them were given above) in full form will always have two letters n: bring - brought . In brief there is only one: struck - struck .
Parse plan
Having studied each part of the speech, students, as a rule, begin to analyze it. It is carried out according to a certain plan and is called morphological. It includes features characteristic of a particular group of speech. Consider the scheme for taking the sacrament.
Example Plan:
- The grammatical meaning.
This paragraph should include information on what morphological load this part of speech carries. As a rule, this is a sign of action.
2. Word formation.
Here it is necessary to give as an example the verb, which is the main one, as well as the suffixes indicating the time and voice.
3. Permanent symptoms.
This clause lists those symptoms that never change:
- real or passive;
- perfect or imperfect appearance;
- time (it is worth remembering that the participle does not have a future).
4. Intermittent symptoms:
- if we have a passive participle, it is necessary to indicate the form in which it is used (full or short);
- case;
- both in full and in short forms - gender;
- number.
5. Member of the proposal.
Such a morphological analysis plan is the most commonly used. Some analyze the sacrament according to a different principle, first highlighting the adjective, and then verb.
Sample
After the above plan, it is necessary to analyze the participle itself with examples.
The moon, hidden behind a cloud, dimly lit the street .
Let us analyze the word “hidden”.
- Gram. - sign of action.
- Hide + lice.
- Permanent symptoms:
- actual (independent fulfillment of the action by the moon)
- perfect view;
- hid (when?) yesterday - past. vr.
4. Intermittent symptoms:
- big name. case;
- g. gender;
- units number.
5. In the sentence, this word is part of a separate definition, which is expressed here in the participle phrase. Accordingly, the syntactic role of the word “hidden” is a definition.
Thus, we learned what features the communion has. Now, having used this information, it will not be difficult to perform a morphological analysis of the described part of speech.