Violation of certain brain functions and behavior is a consequence of damage to the cerebral cortex. Separate lobes of the brain are responsible for certain actions. Having found out what type of violations occurred, it is easy to recognize the site and the magnitude of the lesion. For example, the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex are responsible for motility and expression in facial expressions and gestures.
Lobotomy is a surgical intervention in the cerebral cortex that has previously been used in psychiatry. Basically, such an operation was resorted to for the treatment of schizophrenia and depressive states.
The technique was developed in the 1940s. The main principle of lobotomy is the separation of nerve connections between the lower center of the brain and the frontal lobes by cutting them. Initially, such a treatment for schizophrenia - lobotomy - the consequences were extremely disappointing, since mentally retarded patients finally lost the opportunity for a reasonable existence.
Lobotomy is a surgery that severely destroys brain tissue that is completely healthy. This operation does not bring relief to the patient, does not improve his physical condition.
Portuguese Egash Monitz developed the lobotomy method in 1935. She became the most popular in psychosurgery. But the American Walter Jay Freeman began to promote lobotomy, and this is
what the psychiatrist became known for. Carrying out his first operation, he used electroshock instead of anesthesia. Aiming the narrow end of the knife, intended for splitting ice, on the bone region of the eye cavity, he drove it into the brain with a surgical hammer. Then, with the handle of the knife, the fibers of the frontal lobe of the brain were cut off. After such an operation, the processes became irreversible. Freeman later stated that lobotomy is
an operation that results in the patient becoming a zombie. A quarter of patients who have undergone lobotomy become disabled, a miserable likeness of domestic animals.
The number of operations performed over the period from 1946 to 1949 increased tenfold. The number of surgical interventions performed under the control of Freeman and personally performed by him was about 3,500. Traveling in America in his van, which he referred to only as “lobotomobil”, he offered the operation as a miracle cure, arranging a theatrical performance with the invitation of the audience. Such trips in the media were called "Operation" ice chopping knife "."
To reduce spending from the budget on the maintenance of patients in mental hospitals, the psychiatric society insisted on moving to lobotomy. So, in Delaware, the head of such a hospital, under the impression of this propaganda, was going to reduce the number of patients by 60 percent and, having saved 351 thousand dollars for the state, completely switch to lobotomy.
But still, lobotomy is a barbaric treatment of mentally ill people with harsh interference in the cerebral cortex. In case of mild mental illness, having undergone lobotomy, the patient acquired a disease that did not respond to further treatment. It can be said simply - terrible experiments were put on mentally ill people .