After graduation, young men and women face the difficult question of choosing a specialty. In making this choice, they should not focus only on personal preferences, but take into account other factors, such as abilities, knowledge of school material, ability to communicate with people, perseverance, attentiveness, accuracy and others.
The value of labor in human life
Labor distinguishes a person from an animal. Labor arose as the need to maintain human existence, but at present its significance in human life is considered much broader. In the process of work, people communicate with each other and form social groups. In this case, labor performs a communicative function and helps a person to satisfy his need for communication.
Everyone can choose a profession that matches their inclinations and abilities. And if the profession is chosen successfully, a person receives great satisfaction from his activities. Labor in this case becomes a need, the basis for self-expression of a person and his self-affirmation.
In order to help a young man in choosing a profession, it is necessary to give him the most complete information about the types of activity.
Types of human professional activity according to E. A. Klimov
Academician Evgeni Aleksandrovich Klimov compiled a classification of activities, using which you can facilitate the task of choosing a profession.
Man mastered many types of work. All types of professional activity are distinguished by the expended energy (mental or physical) and its place of application (to nature, to another person, to technology, to signs or to an artistic image). Depending on this, E. A. Klimov identified 5 main types of work, within which there is a further division.
Human activities related to animate and inanimate nature
A person gets acquainted with the natural world from childhood, and in the process of life, his relationship with nature takes different forms. He plows the land, cuts down the forest, builds dams. Studying the results of such a human impact on biological communities and ecosystems, mankind found that its activity could threaten the existence of living organisms. So a new science arose - ecology, which studies the influence of man on nature and gives recommendations on how not to harm our common home, how to make the Earth only become more beautiful.
All existing types of professions and works related to nature should take into account the basic principles of ecology. And for this, a person who chooses his profession as an activity related to nature, plants, animals or microorganisms must love nature, as well as be observant, patient, able to work in adverse climatic conditions and alone.
Types of activity, the work of which is aimed at nature
These types include:
- The study of nature (animate and inanimate): microbiologist, surveyor, biologist, geologist.
- Plant care: agronomist, vegetable grower, farmer, forester, florist, gardener.
- Animal care and treatment: livestock specialist, fish farmer, veterinarian, beekeeper.
- Elimination of adverse human impacts on the environment: ameliorator, ecologist.
Human activities aimed at interacting with other people
A person choosing such an activity should be sociable. In addition, such qualities should be inherent in him: the stability of the emotional state, the ability to establish contacts with people and an understanding of human characters.
The list of types of work that are aimed at other people
These include:
- Education and training: teacher, kindergarten teacher, nanny, instructor, master of industrial training, lecturer.
- Team management: director, master, trainer, entertainer, wedding presenter.
- Management of the art team: director, conductor.
- Trade and service: seller, bartender, waiter, stewardess, guide, manager, hairdresser.
- Medical services: pediatrician, dentist, speech therapist, psychologist, nurse, surgeon.
- Helping people: social worker.
Human activities aimed at interacting with mechanisms
The choice of this type of work implies that a person has certain needs in the study of devices of machines and mechanisms, as well as skills in handling them. To choose such professions, a wide knowledge of technical disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, mathematics and drawing, is necessary.
The professions associated with the construction of technology require from a specialist not only excellent knowledge of technical disciplines, but also a good spatial imagination, a desire to create something new, to create. And for the development of professions related to the management of technology, in addition to technical knowledge, attentiveness, accuracy, punctuality, perseverance, diligence and other qualities are required.
Professions related to technology can be obtained at various educational institutions. Higher educational institutions of the country produce engineers and designers, colleges - technicians, and vocational schools - workers of various types of work.
Human activities aimed at interacting with mechanisms are the most extensive area of all considered areas of human activity. It can be divided into groups and characterize each group separately.
The list of works aimed at interacting with mechanisms
- Construction and design of devices: constructor, inventor, engineer, scientist. In the age of high technology, these professions are in great demand. Inventors with their creative thoughts create devices that make it easier for people to work, and designers help bring these devices to life. But the construction of equipment itself also has several directions: aviation, marine, construction, medical equipment and others.
- Professions in the field of industrial production: turner, milling machine operator, locksmith, electric welder, installer, grinder, blacksmith, puncher, tinsmith.
- Professions associated with the maintenance of production: equipment maintenance engineer, machine gunner, technologist. These experts monitor the operation of the equipment, the quality of the tools used and the manufactured products, as well as monitor the process.
- Professions related to cars: driver, race car driver, taxi driver, trucker, car mechanic, car electrician.
- Professions related to the road: paver driver, skating rink driver, road foreman, road worker.
- Professions related to agriculture: machine operator, tractor driver, combine harvester.
- Gas related professions: oil and gas exploratory well driller, oil and gas exploratory well driller, technosphere safety. It is necessary to identify what types of work involves technosphere safety. These are the following activities: identifying places with increased man-made and man-made impacts, as well as creating conditions to reduce this impact. This type of activity is closely associated with knowledge of the principles of ecology.
- Professions related to metal: metallurgy, steelworker, distributor, caster, welder.
- Light industry professions: seamstress, cutter, baker, pastry chef, shoemaker, printer, perfumer.
- Professions related to mountains and land: geologist, mining engineer, surveyor, miner, land cadastre specialist.
- Construction professions: bricklayer, tiler, plasterer, decorator, crane operator, carpenter.
Human activities aimed at interacting with signs (numbers, letters)
From childhood, people get acquainted with letters and numbers, and in the future, the study of various signs accompanies them all their lives. These are drawings in educational institutions, formulas, texts in different languages, road signs and symbols that are used in IT technologies.
In this type of activity, the specialist is required attentiveness, accuracy, perseverance, the ability to logical and abstract thinking.
List of works related to signs
These include:
- Documentation professions: typist secretary, editor, notary, bibliographer, proofreader, stenographer.
- Professions related to numbers: economist, computer operator, accountant, cashier, statistician.
- Professions related to conventional signs and schemes: draftsman, topographer, translator, cartographer.
- Professions related to IT technology symbols: programmer, webmaster.
Human activities aimed at interacting with artistic images
This activity assumes that a specialist has a certain talent or ability to create an artistic image or copy it. Such abilities include: good imagination and thinking with images, highly developed artistic taste and aesthetic sensation. But these abilities are not enough. The following qualities are essential for this activity: perseverance, determination, willpower and hard work. This activity also includes such a concept of the type of work as the study of artistic images and their impact on the aesthetics of the surrounding space.
Learning any kind of activity with artistic images has its own characteristics. It is organized in such a way that mastery is transferred directly from the teacher to the student in workshops or classes.
The list of works related to artistic images
The following are meant:
- Professions related to the creation of artistic images: writer, poet, artist, composer, fashion designer.
- Professions related to copying or reproducing artistic images: actor, cutter, pianist, jeweler, florist.
- Professions associated with the study of artistic images: film critic, literary critic.
21st Century Professions
Currently, many new types of works have appeared, which were not even known in the 20th century. Here are some of them:
- Media Planner is a specialist engaged in the organization’s advertising campaign, in particular, the choice of the media and the distribution of the budget allocated for advertising.
- Life-coach is a specialist who teaches his clients how to create the qualities necessary for personal growth.
- Merchandiser is a specialist in product promotion.
- PR manager - a specialist creating the image of the organization.
New professions with the advent of the Internet
Among them are:
- Copywriter - a person who writes texts to order.
- Web designer - a specialist who develops website design.
- An online coach is a specialist who advises clients on their topics online.
- Content Manager - a person who is engaged in filling sites.
- SEO specialist - a person who is engaged in website promotion.
It is very important for a young man or girl to make such a choice of a profession when his abilities, personality traits and preferences correspond to the chosen type of work. Then this activity will bring satisfaction to a person, will become the meaning of life and will contribute to his professional growth.