Language is formed due to syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. The paradigm and syntagma are therefore interconnected. The first concept affects only that part of the language where relations are produced that are interconnected by the linearity of speech. In other words, it is a law that forms the correct pronunciation of all units in the speech stream. The second concept concerns the consequences arising from syntagmatic relations.
Is syntagma this?
Syntagmatic relations are capable in their sense of combining various morphemes into groups with a certain sequence. As a result, new formations arise from diverse syllables and morphemes, moreover, not only words are obtained, but also phrases, complex and simple sentences.
Using language, a person is able to use not only one, but also two, and three units. Thus, it is fair to say that syntagmatic relationships are a more accurate process than paradigmatic ones.
Syntagmatic process
Syntagma is a unity both in terms of meaning and in intonation. It may consist of a word, phrases or sentences. Syntagmatics is committed to helping to more clearly understand the intricacies of language rules. The latter construct the correct compatibility of various units of the same level, and also realize them in the flow of speech.
The simplest syntagma is an education consisting of consonants and vowels, from a suffix and a root, from a subject and predicate, and so on.
It is important to understand the difference between a paradigmatic process and a syntagmatic one. For example, you can imagine the word "head", which is in the form of the accusative case of the singular. At a subconscious level, a person recalls the close forms of this word: head, head, head. Such options are related to paradigm. You can also refer to it words that are close in meaning: bowler hat, crock, head. Synonyms are also the main part of this concept.
Syntagma - in this case it will be a combination of, say, the verb "think" and the noun "head". Such a process can occur in connection with any part of speech. Here they are built due to some semantic connections between the words of various groups.
Paradigm
Paradigmatic relationships are a type of relationship that results in certain units of a language merging into groups or categories. A paradigmatic system, for example, can be called groups of consonants in the alphabet or vowels. Using the language, this type of relationship helps to choose the very one from the mass of existing units, combine it with other similar ones, and then use the same method to construct the following words.
In a general sense, a paradigm is a certain relationship that links two or more units of a language. Moreover, these units are interchangeable, if necessary. For example, whale, whale, whale. Such a group of words forms a paradigmatic row.
Types of Relations
Connections in syntagma are certain signs by which different words can be correlated. For example, there are not only grammatical, but also lexical, which are responsible for the compatibility of words in their meaning. That is, one cannot say “dark brown eyes”, one can only say “dark brown”.
There are also syntactic links that regulate the correlation of words in terms of syntax rules. “When playing, it was impossible to hear a lecture” - a variant of the wrong combination.
Phonetic syntagmas are distinguished by the fact that they unite only those letters in the word that may be subject to this action. For example, in the Russian language it cannot be such that the sounds “z” and “k” go one after another. There are such words, but they pronounce them using the sounds “c” and “k”.
Thus, there are separate syntagmatic laws that regulate certain processes in the language. To avoid banal errors in oral or written speech, a complete knowledge of these rules is necessary. Otherwise, the speech will not be perceived as we would like, especially by people who know for sure that a mistake was made.
Paradigmatic connections differ from syntagma in the Russian language in that the former reflect changes in the form of the word. For example, in different cases its ending. For this reason, knowledge of such rules helps to normalize speech due to the correct declension in certain cases.