The use of modern pedagogical technologies in primary school allows to fully satisfy the request of the state. At the source of technological processes is A. S. Makarenko. It was he who actively used the concept of educational technology. In large volumes, new pedagogical technologies in primary school began to be applied in the second half of the last century. Among domestic practitioners dealing with a similar problem, distinguish NF Talyzina, P. Ya. Halperin.
Theoretical aspects
At present, the use of educational innovations is one of the factors for improving the quality of the initial OUI. Innovative pedagogical technologies in elementary school are a combination of teaching aids and methods, the sequence of their use.
Program "School-2100"
Within the framework of this educational system, certain work methods and techniques should be used. Let us dwell in more detail on what is better to take pedagogical teaching technologies in elementary school.
In the lessons of explaining the new material, problem-dialogical training can be used. This technique is suitable for the lessons of the Russian language, mathematics, natural history. Such innovative pedagogical technologies in elementary school practice allow the teacher to engage children in active work.
Thanks to general subject technology, the correct reader activity is formed among the younger generation of Russians.
From the third grade, it is allowed to use pedagogical technologies in elementary schools aimed at project activities. After the introduction of new federal standards, the creation of individual or group projects became a mandatory element in any subject area. The use of pedagogical technologies in an elementary school of this kind has already yielded its first positive results. The independence of students has significantly increased, their cognitive activity has increased.
Successfully passed the adaptation and technology for assessing the educational results of students. To obtain an objective picture, the teacher offers work in pairs, small groups, uses elements of role-playing.
Technique for solving inventive problems
The educational technology of TRIZ in elementary school is one of the technologies that can increase the effectiveness of education. We list the main tasks that can be solved with its help:
- to develop the independence of students;
- to form the right attitude to the surrounding living world;
- develop confidence in their abilities;
- to increase the general education of children;
- to form the skills of analysis, the ability to solve practical, inventive, social problems;
- to form a positive attitude towards the educational process;
- develop attention, logic, memory, speech, intelligence, creative imagination.
Health Saving Technology
Such pedagogical technologies for GEF in elementary school are aimed at maintaining health among the younger generation of Russians. There are several of their varieties:
- health-saving, allowing to correctly distribute physical and educational loads;
- Wellness, aimed at improving health (walks, hardening);
- the development of a health culture involves the active participation of children in a variety of extracurricular activities: tourist gatherings, sports competitions).
Of particular interest is the “Health Education” methodology. Such pedagogical technologies on GEF in elementary school help younger students to recognize themselves, to obtain theoretical and practical knowledge about a healthy lifestyle.
Personality oriented approach
Such pedagogical teaching technologies in primary school contribute to the careful preservation and development of the individual capabilities of each child. LOO is aimed at the formation of the subjectivity of the student, at stimulating the development mechanisms corresponding to his age characteristics.
Such methods of pedagogical technologies in elementary school are suitable for those requirements that are put forward by the GEF.
For each child, the teacher builds his educational pedagogical trajectory, helps to choose the best ways for self-improvement and self-development, acts as a mentor.
Art technology
This technique involves the formation of intelligence through the use of artistic means. The use of pedagogical technologies in an elementary school of this kind does not imply the use of special educational programs. Children receive perception skills in all genres of art: theater, dance, painting, music. At the same time, they should not become professional dancers, artists, musicians.
The use of pedagogical technologies in primary school helps to simplify the process of mastering complex educational material. Art acts as a means of cognition. When solving the task set by the teacher, the child partially or fully selects ways to fulfill his role in full accordance with the rules of the chosen game. He retains quite a lot of freedom to invent, create, improvise, predict, and guess.
Such pedagogical technologies in elementary school allow the teacher to conduct a lesson according to a certain algorithm, using the phrase: “What will happen when ...” the guys get communication skills, they learn to help each other, express their thoughts, and have a discussion with classmates.
There are 4 pedagogical technologies in an elementary school of this kind:
- building a lesson on a specific art form;
- the inclusion of elements of art as a means of work of the teacher;
- the use of fragments of art for the activities of the student;
- organization of cognitive activity of students through different genres.
Among examples of art lessons that are relevant in the first stage of training, psychologists distinguish:
- theatrical activities;
- psychodrama lessons;
- classes with simulation simulation;
- correspondence travel;
- subject drawing;
- games.
Training specifics
Considering briefly modern pedagogical technologies in elementary school according to GEF, we dwell on the characteristics of education. By it we mean the process of studying the world around us, which is directed by both the student and his mentor. Upon receiving new knowledge, the child makes certain efforts, and the teacher notices them, supports his pupil, creates conditions for him to further self-improvement.
Pedagogical technologies in elementary school help the teacher solve the tasks assigned to him by the state. Over the past few decades, there has been a change in value orientations in society. Today, she is considered an educated, free, developed personality who can create, exist in a systematically changing political and economic conditions.
Pedagogical technology in elementary school allows you to move from the principle of "education for the rest of your life" to the option "education through life." Such progress can be achieved only with a complete transition to a personality-oriented approach to the upbringing and education of the younger generation of Russians. Such a technique involves taking into account the individual abilities of each child, his desires and inclinations. That is why it is recommended that such pedagogical technologies for GEF in elementary school.
From the experience of professionals, novice teachers extract rational grain, use the fruits of the work of their colleagues when creating their own curricula.
Information Technology in Elementary School
Such an approach helps to instill cognitive interest in any scientific discipline. For example, in nature studies, a teacher through information technology can show the child the development of a plant in minutes. What work methods are appropriate in elementary school? Among them, the following options can be noted:
- cooperation;
- project work;
- health saving technologies;
- language portfolio;
- games;
- interactive training.
Role-playing games
Classification of pedagogical technologies in elementary school includes this form of work. They are especially relevant for extracurricular activities, for example, when organizing a group project related to the celebration of the new year, the teacher suggests his pupils come up with a small performance for the New Year holiday, in which each child will have a specific role.
Game pedagogical technologies in primary school contribute to the development of communication skills of the younger generation. They help to develop responsibility, independence, logical thinking in schoolchildren. In a role-playing game, each child has certain functions, the success of the whole team depends on the level of fulfillment of which.
Note that this technique is also appropriate when conducting lesson classes. For example, when reading a literary work, the guys are assigned roles. In order for the reading to be beautiful, each child follows the text of the “colleagues”, as a result of which attention, memory is activated, logical thinking is formed, speech is improved.
With successful cooperation between the teacher and the children, we can talk about conscious educational and upbringing activities. Only with the occurrence of cognitive motives does real, not formal, mastery of the teaching material occur.
Any classroom team is heterogeneous, as students differ from each other in various parameters: level of training, ability to master the material, motivation for development, and communication skills. Significant differences can be in the style of learning, interests, self-confidence, capabilities, the ability to self-realization and self-organization.
Innovative work methods
Technology "Pedagogical workshop" in elementary school helps to identify the creative abilities of each child. This technique allows you to create optimal conditions for the development and improvement of each student. In order for self-realization of the child, the teacher provides him with the opportunity to become a "manager". At the beginning of the lesson, self-determination of students for activities is organized. Newly made "leaders" help the teacher to formulate the purpose of the lesson, to think through its tasks, to select the optimal algorithm of activity.
The main requirement for self-determination is the possibility of creating flexible frameworks so that they fit the individual abilities and capabilities of the child.
Characterization of pedagogical technologies in elementary school is a relevant and timely process, because at present global transformations are underway in domestic school education, covering all aspects of the pedagogical process. In order for them to become successful, the desire of teachers to improve their professional skills is necessary, mastering innovative educational technologies of education and training.
Pedagogical technology is the design of educational activities, which is based on the use of a set of techniques, methods and forms of training that can improve the effectiveness of training, to achieve a given result.
It is with the mastery of pedagogical technology that the teacher’s thinking process should begin: consistency, relevance, clarity of the language used.
Problem learning
In fact, this technique can be called an "inverted class." Pedagogical technology in an elementary school of this kind is associated with the development of motivation for the educational process. It involves the activation of the cognitive interests of students. A similar process is possible only if the children themselves resolve the contradictions proposed by the mentor. Thanks to the resolution of problem situations, a growing need is formed in the younger generation in the assimilation of new knowledge, mastery of skills and abilities. This technology allows the teacher to turn an ordinary educational lesson into a fascinating creative process.
Children learn much faster and better the information that they previously had to memorize. In order for such a teaching methodology not to reduce the scientific nature, the conclusions made by students are necessarily compared with the theoretical provisions of encyclopedic dictionaries, textbooks, and manuals. The technology of problem-based learning is called the universal way of learning, because it can be used both in the study of new material and in testing acquired skills of students.
For example, when studying the animal world in a natural science lesson, the teacher lists various mammals on the blackboard, and the task of schoolchildren is to select from the list only those animals that live in their region.
As a material for comparing the correctness of the work performed by schoolchildren, the teacher offers a ready-made presentation containing brief information about each mammal that lives in this region.
Depending on the characteristics of the classroom team, the teacher may include in his professional activity some techniques and elements of health-saving technologies. For example, during a training session, these can be small physical breaks that allow you to switch the attention of children. As part of extracurricular activities, sports competitions and hardening are appropriate. The teacher tries to explain the importance and importance of observing the daily routine, proper nutrition, not only to his wards, but also to their parents. For example, he includes thematic conversations in parental meetings, inviting medical workers, psychologists.
Individual elements of health-saving technologies are suitable for any subject, regardless of its focus.
For example, solving problems in mathematics of the following content: “Petya ate 7 cakes for the holiday, and Seryozha - 10 more. How many total cakes were eaten by the boys? ”, In addition to mathematical calculations, the teacher asks the children about the correctness and consequences of such nutrition. Once the correct answer is found, the question of the consequences of overeating is discussed. Health-saving technologies are also suitable for literary reading classes. For example, while reading a fairy tale about sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka, the teacher notes the importance of drinking clean drinking water.
The children in elementary school cannot work during the entire 45 minutes of the lesson, therefore, the teacher must necessarily include various forms of attention switching in the lesson, preventing schoolchildren from becoming overworked. For example, in a Russian lesson, where the maximum amount of training time is allotted to the implementation of written exercises, an excellent option for a useful break is to conduct a finger workout. To do this, massage balls, which can be purchased at the toy store, are suitable. Thanks to simple exercises, fine motor skills are trained in children, speech is stimulated, imagination develops, blood circulation is stimulated, and reaction speed is accelerated.
Also, as a way to switch attention from one type of activity to another, preventive gymnastics for the eyes can be used in elementary school. It allows you to reduce the static tension of the muscles of the eyes, restore blood circulation. Respiratory exercises are especially relevant in the spring, when the child’s body is weakened, needs support. When conducting physical exercises, the teacher is armed with visual aids. They contribute to the activation of oxygen exchange processes in all body tissues, which leads to the optimization and normalization of its work.
An innovative pedagogue must pay close attention not only to the formation of universal learning skills in the younger generation, but also to the preservation of their mental health. . , . . , . , , , , . , . «» , .
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This technique contributes to the formation of interpersonal relationships between members of the micro-collective. Allows the teacher to quickly introduce children to make friends with each other. Of course, in addition to communication skills, group work is ideal for the development and improvement of universal learning skills.
Inside the small group, the commander is selected. Such a technique is a great opportunity to identify leadership qualities in primary school children. The main goal of the group is a joint approach to the final result, that is, a joint solution to the problem (task, exercise, example) proposed by the teacher. The guys are interested in such activities, because they get the opportunity to learn more about their classmates, they learn to build relationships with other people, take into account the desires and interests of their comrades.
Conclusion
Currently, serious changes are taking place in domestic education. Thanks to the introduction of new federal standards at all levels of education, a “standard” of the student’s image is created in elementary school. GEF contains detailed information about the skills that must be mastered over the years of study at the first stage of education, a modern Russian student. In order for the child to fully meet the requirements of society, he can feel comfortable in it, the teacher actively uses special educational technologies in his professional activities.
Depending on the age and individual characteristics characteristic of each concrete class group, the teacher selects from the existing variety only those methods and techniques that will help him achieve maximum effectiveness in educational and educational activities. For example, gaming educational technology is ideal for active and agile first graders.
Games help the class teacher lead a differentiated approach to each child, involve children in the creative educational process. Game activity is suitable both for mastering complex terms and concepts, and for consolidating knowledge acquired in previous training sessions. Competitions and various relay races are suitable not only for physical education lessons, they are quite appropriate in mathematics, Russian, for example, a class is divided into two groups, each one is offered a specific task. The part of the class team that will cope faster with the task set by the teacher wins, is stimulated by excellent marks in the journal.
In addition to the game pedagogical technology, in elementary school teachers actively apply level differentiation of education. The methods and techniques characteristic of this innovative form of work contribute to the early identification of gifted and talented children. The teacher selects the optimal development option for each of these students, stimulates their independence and initiative. In conclusion, we note that the success of his students, their adaptation to life in modern society, directly depends on the talent of a mentor.