The bending machine allows you to give the workpiece the necessary shape by stretching the outer and compressing the inner layers of the part. The initial dimensions retain only areas located along the axis. The equipment is presented in various designs; it differs in the type of drive, additional equipment, and dimensions.
Design
Most bending machines have a similar overall design. This includes the following items:
- Worktop for back fixing the sheet. The part is intended for the location of the workpiece, which will move on the surface in the desired direction. Also on the table supports is a bend and a cutter.
- Knife roller type. It provides metal cutting, must have a strong and sharp base.
- Frontal emphasis. Allow you to adjust the width of the cut.
- The wooden stand serves as an additional support.
- Goniometer - allows you to accurately set the angle of processing.
- Fasteners in height - adjust the same parameter of the product.
Varieties
Bending machines for sheet metal come in several forms, namely:
- The manual version is compact in size, it is used for work on a moderate scale. It can handle copper, aluminum, galvanized and steel sheets. Work on such equipment does not require special qualifications.
- The mechanical equipment operates through the transformation of energy from a previously untwisted flywheel.
- Electromechanical versions work with an electric motor, chain or belt drive and gearbox.
- Hydraulic counterparts use a hydraulic cylinder in their design.
- Pneumatic modifications work from the pneumatic cylinder, are optimally suited for the processing of materials coated with varnish or paint.
- Electromagnetic machines bend sheets using a powerful electromagnet, are used to form segments and boxes.
Hand tools
On such equipment there are restrictions on the depth of the workpiece, the working length of the processing and the maximum thickness of the part. Manual bending machines for sheet metal operate as follows:
- a metal blank is pressed against the table by a beam;
- the sheet is bent using a special element at the required angle;
- the thickness of the bend on such a device should be approximately two millimeters.
Since the manual versions have a relatively small mass, they can be transported directly to the construction site or workshop.
Hydraulic bending machine
Such equipment greatly facilitated the processing of metal billets. It functions according to this principle:
- the energy carrier is a liquid that pushes a plunger out of the cylinder under pressure, which ensures the movement of the movable transverse element with the striker;
- the sheet placed on the table is affected by the corresponding force, as a result of which the workpiece is bent.
Typically, the considered devices are used to transform sheets along the entire length of the countertop or for deep processing of the part. Efficiency and high productivity are ensured by the precise functioning of the cylinders. Without problems, you can control the movement, speed and braking of the slider.
Application of hydraulic bending machines :
- manufacturing of signboards, air ducts, roofing elements;
- production of additional products;
- production of material for interior and exterior decoration of buildings;
- preparation of metal profiles of various shapes and sizes.
Hydraulic counterparts are much more productive than manual versions, they allow to process workpieces of greater thickness.
Electromechanical modifications
The electric bending machine includes a powerful skeleton, a bending beam, aggregating with an electric drive and an automatic segment element. For convenience, the equipment is equipped with foot control.
The bending machines of the electromechanical type are divided into through or through options, which makes it possible to process non-standard workpieces in width, length and height. Galvanizing, cold rolled metal sheets, copper and aluminum billets are allowed to bend on the indicated devices. Processing thickness - up to 2.5 mm, length - up to 3 meters. On such machines, ebbs, facade cassettes, ventilation parts, roofs, peaks, skates and so on are made.
Rebar Bending Machine
Such equipment allows you to bend rods of various sections at the desired angle. The machine is controlled by one operator, which sets the processing mode of the workpieces. The rest of the work is performed by a mechanical bending machine, which operates in automatic mode. Devices are in demand in the areas of production of metal structures, building materials, fences.
Automatic bending machine for valves is designed for a long time, it is appropriate to operate when performing a large amount of work. The following types of products are processed on it:
- reinforcing and carbon steel;
- metal strips;
- threaded steel bars;
- assortment rental.
The unit under consideration will provide high performance and decent quality of the final product, along with a high indicator of accuracy and safety. You can control the equipment manually or with a foot controller.
Pipe bending equipment
According to the principle of operation, bending machines for pipes are divided similarly to sheet options. Between themselves, they also differ in the way they bend. The design of the device and its performance depend on this factor. There are three categories of profile benders.
- Extrusion unit. In this case, the geometry of the profile pipe is modified using a deforming roller mechanism acting as a punch. The matrix on such equipment is not provided, its role is played by a pair of strong supports mounted on opposite sides of the bend. These elements are swivel shoes or rollers. Since the effort increases gradually with a constant perpendicular attitude to the workpiece, the method allows you to get a good final result. The method is appropriate for small amounts of work.
- The second option is pressing. To transform the product, the principle of locksmith yews is applied . A piece of pipe is placed between the die and the punch. Their profiles must exactly repeat the geometry of the workpiece to obtain high-quality bending. In addition, the permanent deformation of the metal must be taken into account. Such a bending machine is suitable for operation at home, when a high accuracy rate is not required.
- The third method is rolling pipes. It is universal for both thin-walled and thick-walled products. The desired configuration is obtained by pulling the part between one rotating and two support rollers.
Wire Bending Methods
For these purposes, several types of equipment are provided: from the simplest hand tools to automated CNC bending machines for wire.
Let's consider briefly all modifications:
- Homemade option. The unit is a metal frame with a guide roller, a metal bar and holes. The above elements are screwed to it, and plates are welded to the bottom of the core. After installing the rollers, the bar structure is attached to the corner.
- Universal CNC bending machine. Such equipment produces elements of 2D and 3D configurations. Management is carried out by a special computer that executes the program embedded in it. Such devices have high productivity and ample opportunities.
- A machine operating by the pushing method. The principle of operation is based on the translational movement of the processed material through the profile bender. Defined rollers give the workpiece the configuration. Work on such equipment requires high qualifications.
Other types of wire machines
Among the modifications for wire processing, three more options can be noted:
- Break-in machines. Devices of this type are focused on the manufacture of round parts. The workpiece is fed to the shaft with a pre-set radius using guide rollers. When creating a rotation of the shaft, several bends of the wire around the working finger are carried out. This mechanical machine only produces one type of product. To change the configuration of products, commissioning is required.
- A machine that processes wire from a metal bar. With the help of this equipment, it is possible to stamp and make threads on workpieces. Among the minuses of this equipment, low productivity and the presence of an additional device for feeding parts, which has a complex structure, are noted.
- Bay analog. It works by unwinding a coil of wire. transforming it into a straight rod. The output is products that have the desired shape. This type of equipment is used for mass production, has a high rate of performance.
How to adjust the sheet benders?
Since the machines are usually delivered partially disassembled, their installation requires compliance with certain rules. After installing the unit on the work platform, proceed to install the remaining elements. Consider setting up a bending machine using the example of a manual version for sheet processing.
The height of the bending beam is adjusted by loosening the fixing bolts, after which the control screw is turned left or right to reduce or increase the height. At the end of the adjustment, the locks must be tightened. It should be noted that changing the height of the beam makes it possible to adjust the bend radius of the workpiece, which should not be less than the thickness of the sheet.
Setting the edge of the swing beam and rollers
Adjusting the spatial position of the edge of the rotary bending beam affects the quality of work when changing the thickness of the workpiece. The procedure is performed using a double-sided Roman coupling nut, by turning it counterclockwise or clockwise.
The line of force of the cutting roller mechanism must pass strictly along the edge of the pressing of the processed sheet. The required height is adjusted by placing the lower support roller and adjusted by means of a control screw.
The spatial placement of the cutting knife on the machine should parallel to the position of the bending beam. If this requirement is not complied with, the elements should be adjusted using the control screws. If the lower roller device is torn off the sheet surface and the knife is pulled to the side, it is recommended to reduce the width of the left carriage by pulling or loosening the rollers.
Brief summary
Bending machines, the characteristics of which are listed above, are widely used in industry, in small specialized enterprises, as well as in private households. When choosing equipment, one should take into account the frequency of its operation, the average amount of work, as well as the necessary level of qualification of employees. For example, for a house or a small construction site, the simplest variations are suitable, the work of which will be handled by almost any worker who has experience in construction. If high precision is required, it is better to use professional equipment (hydraulic, electrical units or CNC machines.