In 2011, on August 11, the Russian Federation adopted the draft Federal Law "On the Basics of the System for the Prevention of Crimes in the Russian Federation," which aims to reduce crime in our country by preventing illegal actions. After all, they currently represent one of the main threats to human security. Among the main measures to combat this danger is crime prevention. It is prevention that can stop a potential offender.
Crime prevention is a rational method of maintaining the safety of citizens of the state. The current criminal situation in Russia differs little from that in the 90s of the 20th century. So, entering the home with the aim of stealing is still the most common criminal act. Crime prevention can help reduce the number of violations of the law by law enforcement agencies . Prevention of offenses is a very complex, multi-level system. Consider the levels at which crime prevention is divided.
Allocate a special criminological level of the fight against crime and the general social. The first is characterized by the fact that it includes a set of measures that should eliminate the possibility of specific crimes or the general causes of illegal acts. These actions are of small scale, although in some cases they can be aimed at entire groups of people, for example, crime prevention among repeat offenders or minors.
The general social level of crime prevention is more widespread than specifically criminological. It includes such measures as, for example, maintaining a high level of prosperity of the population, improving working conditions and conditions of rest, improving the organization of the population, as well as strengthening discipline and responsibility.
Crime prevention is subject to another gradation in levels. It is based on vertical differentiation:
- The highest level includes socio-economic measures (education, ideological work, improvement of social relations).
- The average level is preventive work with specific segments of the population, social groups that tend to be affected by negative trends.
- The lowest level. Crime prevention is carried out with specific individuals (elimination of antisocial views, changing value orientations, getting rid of antisocial sentiments of a particular person).
What basic principles does crime prevention include?
- Democracy (control by the authorities at the appropriate level, as well as by public organizations).
- Humanism (crime prevention should occur with a minimum loss for a person, society, state).
- Legality (compliance with laws and regulations).
- Scientific (all actions for the prevention of crime should be scientifically sound).
Requirements
- Legality (preventive requirements should not violate the law).
- Timeliness (the use of prevention should occur immediately after clarifying the causes and conditions of the crime).
- Radicality (all causes of crimes should not be partially eliminated, but completely eliminated).
- Economic rationality (compliance with the cost of preventive measures and the damage from the crime to which these measures are directed).
- Validity (application in the situation when it is really necessary).
In order for crime prevention to benefit, it is necessary to comply with all of the above requirements and principles, as well as apply measures in conjunction.