The need for punctuation marks became tangible with the development of typography. In the 15th century, Italian typographers invented punctuation. She was accepted in most countries of Europe. The use of the mark began in the 18th century. Secured its function in the Russian language Nikolai Karamzin. It was first described by A.A. Barsov in 1797. The dash between the subject and the predicate occurs according to the rules of the classical and business language. In oral speech, with its help, a pause is expressed with increase and decrease in tone.
What are the rules for?
Everyone can learn to write correctly. Literacy exudes people, pointing to their mind, the desire to stand out. Simple filling out the documents leads to a stupor, as many do not know the elementary rules for writing case endings. Most often draw up statements. It is here that you will need knowledge of the rules for setting a dash between the subject and the predicate. These are the main members of the sentence, which are always in the nominative case.
Their study begins in elementary school, but not everyone remembers what connects them. The subject is the main member of the sentence, which talks about whom, or what the text says. You need to ask a question to find out who or what is the main thing. “When Mom came home, her mood improved.” Since mom is a living being, the question is who? About it is discussed in the proposal.
Then we can find out what she is doing or has already done. The predicate will help us with this. It indicates the action being taken by the subject. For example, what did our mom do? (came). Since the sentence is complex, it has two grammatical foundations. The second part talks about mood. In this case, the question is what? (mood) and what did? (improved). Depending on what the author wants to say, how to convey feelings, the arrangement of punctuation marks will depend. Using a dash involves knowing the nuances of writing.
The role of the sign in the sentence
In written speech, punctuation marks help to clearly state thoughts, separate sentences or parts of it. A dash is not used as often as a comma, however, the rules for putting a dash between the subject and the predicate will help to make a simple and complex sentence.
Everyone learns the basics of the Russian language, but not everyone remembers how to use the dash in writing. As a result, many express themselves without unnecessary punctuation marks. The importance of the dash is underestimated, because with its help it attracts the attention of the reader, emphasizes the semantic emphasis, puts the word "it" before the word.
In the grammar of the Russian language, signs are divided into several categories:
- A separating dash is placed between the subject and the predicate.
- Allocating is necessary for introductory and plug-in designs.
- The dividing line is necessary for direct speech and dialogue.
To consider all cases of setting a dash between the subject and the predicate, determine the role of the dash in the sentence. This will help to avoid punctuation errors and write consciously.
Writing a Dash: Basic Rules
The grammatical basis is separated by a punctuation mark, which replaces the missing part of the compound predicate, often nominal. In the sentence, the dash will be set according to one of the schemes. One of the options is possible:
- The noun acts as a subject and a predicate, each of which in the nominative case: "Mom is a best friend," "Work is an assistant for boredom."
- The main members of the proposal are indicated by the indefinite form of the verb: "To live - to serve the motherland", "To love - to be a person."
- The noun plus the infinitive: “Thinking about others is the law of the life of a moral person”, “My dream is to make the world a better place.”
The dash between the subject and the predicate differs depending on which parts of the speech the main members of the sentence are expressed. This is a quantitative numeral in the nominative case, a turnover with it or a noun in the same case. For example, the entire galaxy is more than a million stars; A family of seven - forty nine. However, in the literature, characterization is done without a dash.
Correct sign placement
The indefinite form of the verb is associated with a category of state or an adverb with the meaning: "Not knowing the rules of the Russian language is bad." In a sentence with a subject-infinitive and a predicate in the form of a predicative adverb to the letter o, if a pause is made: "Not knowing the rules of the Russian language is bad." If there is no discharge in intonation, the sign is not needed: "It is harmful to smoke."
Before the word “this means, here it is” there is always a dash: “Mom is the best friend”, “Love is the feeling familiar to everyone”, “To understand is to forgive”, “Life is the best gift for every person” . Sometimes a predicate can come up with a whole sentence: “The most beautiful flower is when you not only cannot look away, but also want to share your impressions with others.”
Examples of setting a dash between the subject and the predicate:
- Algebra is a branch of mathematics that studies operations on elements of sets.
- Ottawa is the capital of Canada.
- The next station is Moskovskaya.
In addition, the punctuation mark is necessary in the sentence, which differs in the nature of the logical definition: "Geography is a single complex of sciences studying the geographical shell of the Earth." In a scientific and journalistic text, with the help of a dash, they indicate an assessment of an object or phenomenon: "Character - persistent mental properties that determine the behavior of an individual." They put a dash if there are homogeneous subjects: “Courage and strength are the features of heroes in Russia.”
Writing a dash according to the rules of the Russian language
Setting a dash between the subject and the predicate is necessary when the meaning of the sentence is twofold. For example, the Younger Sister is my girlfriend; My younger sister is a friend. The presence of homogeneous subjects implies the writing of the trait: "Kindness and tenderness are positive characteristics."
Phraseological circulation is an expression in which two or more units with a holistic structure and meaning. When using it in the text, it is necessary to write a dash: "My brother and I are the seventh water on jelly." The use of the pronoun IT depends on whether the text is read with or without a pause, whether the subject should be logically highlighted. The difference can be seen when comparing sentences: "This performance is the performance of a new actress." “This is a very difficult problem.”
Using a punctuation mark, sentences are intonationally divided so that its content is easily perceived: “The voice is quiet, calm ...”. "The sea near our house is dark blue." The sign will help enhance the brightness of the described images when writing essays.
Regardless of the form in which the predicate is expressed, a dash is placed in footnotes to separate the main word from the explanation. Often such a dash between the subject and the predicate is found in dictionaries. "Artemis is the goddess of the moon and hunting, forests, animals, fertility and procreation."
In which cases a dash is not set
The punctuation section of the Russian language is called upon to consider the correct punctuation. It reflects a way to adjust the intonational structure of speech, syntactic and semantic relations in a language. It is important to know in which cases a dash is not written in order to convey an emotional coloring.
If in the sentence the subject is a personal pronoun, and the predicate is a noun in the nominative case, a dash is not needed. This is evident in the sentence: "I am a good mother, therefore I always support my children," "He is a professional in his field, so he will fix everything quickly."
In fiction, non-fiction, journalistic, educational texts, the conditions for setting a dash between the subject and the predicate are observed. There is no need to use the sign when using a personal or interrogative-relative pronoun, which is connected in meaning with the noun in the nominative case.
When the punctuation mark is not needed
When writing any sentence, punctuation marks are taken into account. They will be needed in a simple and complex proposal, emphasizing the importance of homogeneous members. They don’t put a dash when expressing the predicate with the adjective, pronoun adjective: “He has a smart head, but his heart is cold”, “My native country!”. A dash is not needed if the predicate is logically emphasized or there is a contrast: "I am a good teacher, you are a carpenter and a carpenter."
They don’t use the line in simple sentences when they use colloquial speech: “My mother is a milkmaid”. Between the main members there can be a comparative union as, exactly, as if, sort of, like. In this case, setting a dash between the subject and the predicate in a two-part sentence is reduced to the absence of a sign.
- Your eyes are like a bottomless ocean.
- Your hairpin is kind of like an owl.
- Your voice is like a nightingale's song.
Some authors, wanting to emphasize the comparison with the predicate, use a dash: "... Such a phrase is like a big helmet in a cliche (Turgenev)."
Missing Dash: Rules
A particle is NOT used with all independent parts of speech. Before the predicate, it is necessary for negation. This indicates that there is no need to use the trait in the sentence. Often the rule governs the writing of proverbs and sayings.
- Poverty is not a vice.
- The analogy is not proof.
- I famously remember, but the good of the century will not be forgotten.
- To the good, bad does not bother.
However, if necessary, emphasize the predicate with the help of intonation, the setting of the dash is different. In this case, the sign must be put: "To live life - do not go over the field."
When not putting a dash: examples
Despite the fact that the dash in the sentence defines the boundaries of simple sentences, separates the subject and predicate, in some cases they do not write it. The rule applies when writing a phrase in which there is an introductory word, union, particle, adverb.
- Soy, as you know, a healthy culture.
- The theater is still a popular form of art.
- June is just the beginning of summer vacation.
In stories, authors often use a minor term in a sentence that is inconsistent with the predicate. The preparation of proposals takes place with the statement of the predicate to the subject: “Maria is our friend”, “Good man San Sanych!”.
Everyone can correctly write a dash between the subject and the predicate by watching the video below.
A dash is a sign that divides a sentence into two parts. It introduces an additional semantic connotation, helps to avoid difficulties with punctuation text design. Correct statement of the dash is necessary in any text in the usual sense of the entire section of punctuation in Russian. The punctuation mark is vividly illustrated in the classics and works of poets of our country.