One of the most important problems in modern medicine is considered nosocomial infection. Definition: this is an infection that occurs in a health facility.
Recently, there has been a tendency to increase the number of such cases. A nosocomial infection occurs as a result of the creation of large treatment complexes with a large concentration of people with poor health. In addition, an increase in the number of invasive procedures of a diagnostic and therapeutic nature, as well as the use of sophisticated equipment, which can be very difficult to sterilize, is considered to be the cause of the spread of infection. These factors contribute to the formation of hospital strains of microorganisms that are resistant to drugs and disinfectants.
An increase in morbidity is accompanied by a quantitative increase in high-risk groups. These, in particular, include premature newborns, people with chronic pathologies. Of great importance is given to demographic shifts in society, as well as to a decrease in the body's resistance (resistance) against unfavorable environmental conditions.
Nosocomial infection in the neonatal period (postpartum) differs from infectious diseases in other periods of life. This is mainly due to the reduced immunological resistance (resistance) of newborns, in particular, premature infants. In addition, risk factors accompanying the hospitalization process of these children contribute to an increase in morbidity.
The main of these specialists include an insignificant gestational age (the number of full weeks from the first day of the last menstruation until the time of birth) of the child, the presence of perinatal (perinatal) pathology (arising in the womb, during birth or within a few hours after it). In addition, the risk factors are: a long hospitalization period, the use of medical equipment (suction, inhalers, ventilators , etc.) and instruments (urinary and vascular catheters, nasal cannulas and others). As a result of the use of antibacterial, immunosuppressive and other therapy, surgical interventions, a nosocomial infection also often develops. An abstract can be written in whole for only one reason of infection in newborn children.
Distribution in the volume of the medical institution is facilitated by defects in the ventilation system. As a rule, they are already incorporated in the process of building design. Instead of removing contaminated air from the chambers, the supply and exhaust ventilation system allows a significant number of harmful microorganisms to move freely around the institution.
In the spread of hospital infections, the architectural layout of buildings is of no small importance. The circulation of pathological microorganisms occurs to a greater extent in buildings constructed according to standard designs, providing for the location of the observational (infectious, in most cases) ward of the maternity hospital on the ground floor. Together with the rising warm air, a nosocomial infection also rises.
The advantage of staying together after allowing the birth of the baby and mother has been proven for a long time. However, due to the reduction in the number of births, in some obstetric hospitals, the practice of combining a newborn with a mother only after a day is practiced today. Thus, in these institutions provide a sparing regimen for the puerpera. However, in this case, one of the advantages of a joint stay is undoubtedly lost. With this approach, during the first days of life, the child’s body is not populated by maternal microorganism strains, but by a nosocomial infection.
Prevention of morbidity includes a complex of disinfection measures that are aimed at eliminating conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms in the patient’s environment.