In various areas of research activities, preliminary or intermediate processing of the obtained data is expected. This is important for the correction of further research or for the analysis of the resulting materials for their correctness. In both cases, cameral processing is involved - that is how work that can be performed with a minimum degree of error is designated.
General information about cameral processing
From the point of view of the methodology, cameral processing can be attributed to metrological, that is, measuring measures. It aims to conduct measurements or experimental tests in order to clarify the source data or to correct the research methodology. It is important to consider that desk-based processing of results is not an independent technique for obtaining certain data. It is used as an auxiliary means of quality control and completeness of the work performed within the framework of the main method.
For example, one of the most common areas in which this method of correction of results is involved is geodesy. Engineering surveys are carried out in the field and do not always allow to obtain data of optimal quality due to the peculiarities of the technical organization of work in conditions of remoteness from the laboratory. It is to identify survey errors that field field processing is used, which in the intervals between operations allows verification and control of measurement results.
Tasks of desk processing
Again, the processing of cameral property alone is only indirectly involved in measuring activities. In fact, this is a tool for determining the errors that are allowed in the process of using one or another measurement method. Therefore, the main task will be to fix the deviations of the obtained results from the actual or normative ones. Representations of the same standards do not always allow desk processing. For example, in the field, you can only get an idea of measurements close to the normative values, performing serial office surveys. However, classical processing is performed in laboratory conditions with minimal influence of external factors on the quality of the results. This is a fundamental difference between chamber processing and field research, and the difference between them also allows you to adjust the measurement process.
Requirements for holding desk events
Each application may have its own requirements for office processing. Fundamentally different will be the requirements for processing in the same field geodesy or archeology, and for activities that are performed in laboratory conditions. And yet there is a certain list of standards that must be observed when performing almost all types of work of this nature. First of all, cameral processing of measurement results should initially be based on the ranges of permissible errors. Going beyond them will mean the inefficiency of applying this control method. The next requirement is the compliance of the conditions for conducting cameral processing with the originally established ones. And again, for each type of work, its own requirements will be applied, which can take into account the ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, characteristics of the tool used and other factors. Mandatory requirements include reporting and labeling of controlled objects or materials.
Types of office work
In the areas of application, cameral processing is divided into formal, normative, arithmetic and direct. Formal processing checks the measurement procedure for compliance with work standards. That is, the organizational part of the research is subject to control. Arithmetic verification relates to specific indicators of the tests. The accuracy of measurements, their correctness and reliability are estimated. As for the regulatory audit, it refers to the analysis of the data obtained for compliance with legal acts. Direct processing is a verification of the methodological part. In this case, the correctness of the practical application of the method in a particular case is evaluated. In addition, cameral processing can be initial, intermediate and final. These types of checks can be used both individually and together, within the framework of one monitoring measure.
Verification Steps
The list of specific steps may vary by application. As a rule, at the first stage, specialists collect the initial data that were obtained for the measurement procedure itself. At the second stage, control measurements are made according to the method used, but already as part of a desk audit. At this stage, arithmetic control can be used to identify possible errors in the calculations. In some cases, serial measurements can be used that more accurately identify averaged and more reliable data. The results obtained in this way are verified with the data displayed during measurements using the target verification method. At the final stage, cameral processing gives general information about the control performed, on the basis of which a report is made.
Field Measurement Processing
Field measurements are often contrasted with desk work, since the very conditions of such events do not imply the receipt of the maximum reliable result. It is obvious that verification tests will not allow to obtain extremely correct data. Nevertheless, serial and intermediate control checks nevertheless provide an opportunity to get closer to more accurate measurement indicators. Most often, cameral processing of field measurements is used in geological surveys. In particular, in this way, the depth of the rocks, their size, soil structure, etc. can be estimated. Quantitative determination of the indicators is carried out using experimental and theoretical methods. Control metrological equipment can be used to evaluate, for example, the magnetic and electrical properties of rock ores and rocks. The results obtained are further processed already in the laboratory using computer programs.
Spheres of application of office processing methods
The technology of desk testing is used not only in geodesy, but also in other construction works. The results of engineering activities can also be monitored by this method, both in the laboratory and in the field. Involving cameral processing and taking into account cadastral data. For example, cameral processing of the results of field measurements is used in the analysis of materials obtained during the topographic survey. Inventory methods in archeology, warehouse accounting, museum and warehouse storage can also be controlled by desk inspection. This mainly concerns compliance checks. Arithmetic control is usually applied to tax accounting and data obtained during architectural measurement work.
Reporting documents of desk processing
The composition of the documentation for the report is determined even before the checks. The content is formed as a database sufficient to assess the quality of the measurements. The reporting may include both graphic and text documents, supplemented by formulas and maps. In geology, for example, the composition of documents can be supported by graphs constructed using profiling methods. In particular, graphs are created that show rock sections. Indicate in the reporting and characteristic parametric data, compared with regulatory indicators. Separately, the results of control measurements are presented - either in the form of tables with numbers, or in the form of the same graphs. Depending on the requirements, cameral processing of materials may also involve the creation of a conclusion with recommendations for changing the verified measurement method.
Conclusion
In many ways, desk-based verification methods are similar to the control technologies of typical metrological measurements. But in metrology, individual measurement techniques and even more often the instruments themselves are tested. In turn, cameral processing of measurements rather shows an example of an integrated approach that takes into account many factors of research of the object. Specific arithmetic readings, climatic conditions, characteristics of the equipment used, degree of error, etc. can be taken into account. In combination, these factors make it possible to precisely adjust the measurement operations within the framework of not specific, but specific working conditions. That is, each act of control is applicable only for a specific situation and cannot be considered as a single recommendation for the use of similar methods for other cases.