Khabarovsk is one of the largest cities in the Far East. It is located on the Central Amur Lowland. What river is Khabarovsk on? Of course, on the great river - Amur. Partly flowing along the border of two states, this river in the Khabarovsk Territory stretches for thousands of kilometers, and its basin is located on the territory of three states.
Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk is the largest city in the Far East. In addition, it is the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District. A river in the city of Khabarovsk (Amur) separates it from the People's Republic of China.
To get to China, you can use river transport. The ship will deliver to the nearest village in China.
The origin of the name of the Amur River
The name of the river came either from the Tunguska “Amor”, which means “good peace”. Or from the Nivkh word "Damur", which means "big river". This decoding of the name partially answers the question of which river flows in Khabarovsk . Cupid is really very wide. Other peoples living on the banks of the river call it differently.
So, for example, the Mongolian name “Hara Muren” means “black waters”, and in Chinese, Cupid is called either “Heihe” or “Heilongjiang”, which means, respectively, the Black River or the Black Dragon River.
The last name is associated with a beautiful Chinese legend, according to which a good black dragon defeats evil white (for the Chinese, black is preferable to white). The white dragon drowned boats and destroyed many living things, for which he was punished. Since then, the Black Dragon settled, according to legend, in the area of Khingan cheeks.
What river flows in Khabarovsk
Amur is the largest river in the entire Far East. This river flows in Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Its largest tributaries are Bureya, Zeya, as well as Ussuri and Sungari partially flowing through the territory of China. In addition, the main tributaries include Anyui, Gorin, Amgun, Gur, Argun, and others. The catchment area of this mighty Far Eastern river is more than two million square kilometers. And the drain is 11 thousand cubic meters. m per second. Among the largest water flows of the Russian Federation, Amur (a river in the Khabarovsk Territory) occupies an honorable fourth place, giving way only to such giants as the Lena, Yenisei, and Ob.
This river forms at the confluence of Shilka and Argun, flows through the territory of the Far Eastern Territory until it flows into the Sakhalin Gulf. If we take the length of the river from the confluence to the mouth, we get 2.8 thousand km. Together with Shilka this length will be 4.5 thousand km. This is despite the fact that about three thousand kilometers of the Amur riverbed is the state border between Russia and China.
The maximum width of the river is observed near the village of Troitskoye (5 kilometers), and the greatest depth is on the site of the river near Cape Tyrsky (56 meters).
Zoning
The average slope of the river is 0.11%. At the same time, the nature of the course varies greatly depending on the area of the course. There are three main parts of the Amur: the upper, middle and lower.
The upper part is the section from the confluence of two rivers (Shilka and Argun) to Blagoveshchensk. 900 kilometers of the river, sandwiched between the rocks of the Nyukzhi ridges and the spurs of Greater Khingan, have a high flow rate.
The middle part is considered to be the segment from Blagoveshchensk to Khabarovsk with a length of about a thousand kilometers, Middle Amur slowly carries its waters in a wide valley. Its channel is divided into sections into several channels (which are also called robberies).
The banks of the Amur in this part are low, sometimes swampy. Beyond Small Khingan, river waters gather in a single powerful channel.
The lower part of the Amur River, about 950 kilometers long, flows from Khabarovsk to the mouth. Where Khabarovsk ends, the Amur River runs along the wide Lower Amur Lowland, where many old women and lakes are located. At this stretch, the river is connected by channels with several large lakes. Here is the Amur estuary - a greatly expanded estuarine part of the Lower Amur.
Animal and plant world
The fauna of Amur is extremely diverse. Water and coastal swamps are the most important area for the reproduction of numerous fish species, as well as a significant migration site for a number of bird species in the region. For example, about 95% of white storks, 65% of Japanese and 50% of Daurian cranes nest in the river area.
400 species of birds nest in the catchment area, about 70 species of mammals, 130 species of freshwater fish inhabit and more than five thousand species of plants grow. Among the endemic species of Amur, one cannot but mention species such as the famous Amur tiger and kaluga (fresh-water fish, the weight of which can exceed a ton!).
The contribution of the largest river in the Far East to the biodiversity of the planet is enormous. Suffice it to say that this is one of the three largest rivers of the planet, not blocked by dams.
Environmental problems
Which river is Khabarovsk and many other cities of Eastern Siberia? This is the world famous Amur River. However, the ecological state of the territory also largely depends on the degree of its pollution. Over the past decades, Cupid has faced serious environmental problems. The main reason is the densely populated Chinese territories along the Ussuri and Sungari rivers . About 100 million people live in this region, which cannot but affect the decrease in the population of fish and animals and the reduction of their habitat. A huge impact on the environmental situation is exerted by industrial waste discharged from both the Russian and, especially, from the Chinese side. Hydroelectric power stations on Zeya, Bureya, and Sungari have a negative effect on the hydrological regime of this water body. Of course, if you take into account which river Khabarovsk and other cities of the Far East are on, then the problem must be solved somehow.
Water mode
The main contribution to the water balance of the river is made by rainwater during the summer rains. The share of rainwater reaches 70%, while the contribution from snow supply is much more modest. The reason for this is the snowy winters characteristic of the region.
These climatic parameters also determine such features of the water regime as high summer and low spring floods, as well as low low water (the lowest river level) in the winter season.
Amur freezes in early November, and the opening of the river occurs only at the end of April. Thus, it is covered with ice for more than 170 days.
Level fluctuations
The highest water level is observed from July to August, often acquiring the character of a real flood (the most catastrophic was recorded in 1928, when the Amur summer flood caused huge losses to the country's economy). In areas of the middle and lower part of the Far Eastern river, spills reach 25 kilometers!
Fluctuations in the level of Amur in its upper and middle parts reach 15 meters, and in the lower part - 7 meters. In the estuary, the level fluctuations are much lower and reach 2.6 m, however, during ice drift due to congestion, the fluctuations can reach 15 meters.
Hydrotechnical war
In the last century, the process of the natural transition of the Far Eastern river to a new channel began. In this regard, at the beginning of the XXI century, Chinese experts took actions that cause significant damage to the Russian side. Builders from China erected many kilometers of dams that strengthened the right bank of the Amur. For this reason, the unprotected left bank is eroded, which threatens the destruction of several villages and even the partial destruction of the Khabarovsk bridge. Therefore, the problem needs to be solved, given which river Khabarovsk is on. And she is great and unpredictable.
Russian hydrologists are sounding the alarm in this regard. The situation is aggravated by the fact that as a result of the territorial Russian-Chinese agreements, a number of hydraulic structures from the Russian Federation passed to China, and if the Chinese side decides to destroy them, the flooding process will intensify.