Under the concept of "health", many people mean only a list of specific physiological characteristics of a person. Such an understanding is false, but in fact it should be considered at several levels. This is the only way to answer the question of how healthy a person is. So, we will analyze the types of health and dwell on each of them in more detail.
Speaking about health, you need to know that this is a state of physical, mental and social well-being of a person and society as a whole (not only the absence of physiological problems and deficiencies).
Human Health Criteria
Now, to make a conclusion about the state of people, they turn to five main criteria:
- The presence or absence of ailments, diseases.
- Normal work in the system "the world around us - the individual."
- Well-being in social life, mental work, spiritual activity, physical abilities of a person.
- The ability to adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions.
- The ability to qualitatively perform the functions assigned to the individual in social life.
The main types of health
Each person is considered as an interconnected system and the study identifies the types of health: moral, physical, social, mental, psychological. It follows from this that it is impossible to judge him by one of the listed areas without considering the diversity of personality.
At the moment, scientists have not been able to identify a specific methodology for studying the condition according to all of the above criteria, so it remains only to judge it, considering the health levels separately. So let's get started.
Types of health. Psychological and mental balance
Among the main conditions for the steady psychosocial progress of a person (except for the health of the nervous system), a friendly and pleasant atmosphere is distinguished.
According to the results of studies and experiments conducted by WHO staff, deviations in mental child health were most often recorded in families where disagreements and conflicts reign. Children who cannot find a common language with their peers also suffer: they are in an unfriendly relationship with them or simply have no friends. Psychologists explain this situation by the influence of discomfort and anxiety on mental health.
Doctor of Sciences Nikiforov G. S. distinguishes the following levels of mental health: biological, social and psychological.
The first of them is associated with the innate features of the body, the work of internal organs, the dynamic or deviant fulfillment of their basic functions, a reaction to processes occurring in the surrounding world.
The second level speaks of the degree to which the individual is included in social life, his ability to interact with others in the process of activity, to find an approach to them.
The third level testifies precisely to the state of the person’s inner world, namely: his own self-esteem, faith in one’s own strength, acceptance or rejection of oneself and one’s own characteristics, attitude to the world, society, current events, understanding of life and the universe.
If a person’s mental and psychological health does not cause concern, then: his state of mind is safe, he does not have any deviant mental characteristics, phenomena, painful ideas, he is able to adequately assess the current situation and regulate his behavior.
A separate psychological health problem in the 21st century is stress and depression. In Russia, they have been singled out as a separate disease since 1998 in connection with WHO data indicating an increase in stressful situations in society. As the health culture develops, special ways have been developed to suppress the depressive state, the formation of stress resistance, patience.
Social health
Social health directly depends on the individual’s ability to adapt to environmental conditions, the qualities and characteristics that make it possible. The desire for self-education and self-development, the ability to use self-education, the implementation of life goals, overcoming and solving problems related to social relations also influence. They may be associated with physical abnormalities.
A person who is socially healthy, sets his own realization as a goal, has stress resistance, he can calmly and dignifiedly overcome life's problems and difficulties without causing damage to loved ones and other people around him. This level is inextricably linked with spirituality, the desire to comprehend the meaning of life, answer eternal questions, find moral guidelines and values.
Social health indicators
In the study of the above criteria, several indicators are used, the main of them are the adequacy and adaptability of the actions and actions of a person in a social environment.
Adequacy is primarily considered the ability to respond normally to the effects of the world, adaptability - to effectively carry out activities and develop in the new conditions dictated by the environment and society.
The main criteria for social health are distinguished: the degree of adaptation in society, the degree of activity in it, and the effectiveness of the use of different social roles.
Physical health
The assessment of the physical condition is based on the identification of various biological defects, diseases, resistance to the influence of negative factors, the ability to work in difficult conditions (including when the environment changes). In short, the adaptive success of an individual is taken as the basis of health.
From the point of view of medicine, this concept also reflects the state of internal organs, body systems, and the cohesion of their work. The basics of health are the functional and morphological reserves due to which adaptations occur. Attention is drawn not only to the absence of obvious deviations, diseases and complaints of the patient, but also to the range of adaptive processes, the level of the body's abilities related to the performance of specific functions.
In pedagogical materials, the basis of the concept of “physical health of a person” is not transformed, that is, it is also characterized by the regulatory ability of the body, the balance of physiological processes, and adaptive reactions.
Spiritual and moral health
Spiritual and moral health means a person’s awareness of the essence of good and evil, the ability to cultivate oneself, show mercy, extend a helping hand to those in need, provide selfless help, uphold the laws of morality, create an enabling environment for a healthy lifestyle (the concept of “health culture” is formed due to this criterion )
The main condition for achieving success at this level is the desire to live in harmony with oneself, relatives, friends and society as a whole, the ability to correctly set goals and achieve them by forecasting and modeling events, formulating concrete steps.
It is ensuring the development of morality, moral qualities of each - a necessary basis and condition for the socialization of youth (applies to all types of modern societies). It is the main goal of the function of educating social institutions, affects the socialization of the individual.
Moral qualities are included in the list of acquired personality characteristics, they cannot be attributed to a person innately, and their formation depends on many criteria: environment, social environment, etc. A person who is morally educated must have specific character traits (which correspond to generally accepted moral standards, customs and social order).
Moral health - a list of attitudes, values and motives of people's actions in the social environment. It does not exist without universal human notions of good, love, beauty and mercy.
The main criteria for moral education
- The positive moral direction of the individual.
- The degree of moral consciousness.
- Depth of thoughts and moral judgment.
- Description of real actions, ability to follow important rules of society, fulfillment of main duties
Thus, a person’s condition really consists of different, but at the same time, closely interconnected spheres, which are understood as “types of health”. Therefore, a conclusion about it can be made only by examining each of them individually and analyzing the overall picture of the person.