Rigging devices, tools and mechanisms

Any industrial production to one degree or another is associated with the installation of overall and complex cargo. In many cases, a person cannot perform such work independently. For this, rigging tools, mechanisms and devices are used. With their help, the movement, unloading, loading of objects of any configuration and weight becomes available.

Rigging

They represent operations related to lifting, holding and moving various objects - parts, assemblies, equipment. The key difference between these works and conventional loading and unloading is the use of special devices. Often rigging tools, devices have a specific configuration. Their use is caused by the impossibility of moving objects due to their size, weight in other ways. The timing of the work, as well as their cost, is determined by the complexity of the operations, the peculiarity of the cargo, as well as the availability of specialized organizations in the region.

Appointment

Lifting mechanisms - devices used for transportation of bulky equipment. The main task of using special equipment is not to exclude human participation in them, but to increase the efficiency of operations. The services of riggers are used by industrial enterprises. Rigging devices allow you to quickly move conveyor belts, machines, workbenches and other large equipment. In addition, special equipment can improve the safety of operations and ensure the safety of the cargo. Lifting devices are used not only in industry, where the transportation of equipment is one of the most important parts of the work process. Often special equipment is used in the domestic field. For example, the services of specialized organizations are resorted to, if necessary, to transport safes, musical instruments, furniture, etc.

Rigging

Enterprises that offer services for the movement of bulky cargo, use various devices in their work. All of them are united by the term "equipment". In practice, the following rigging devices are mainly used:

1. Slings.
2. Blocks
3. Hooks.
4. Ropes.
5. Eyes
6. Polyspasta.
7. Chains
8. Clamps.

Ropes

As a rule, steel, nylon and hemp cables are used. The latter can be tarry or linen. They differ in production technology. Hemp threads soaked in resin are considered more practical. In addition, they have high strength. White ropes are more flexible. They have a lower margin of safety and are not used for mechanisms equipped with a machine drive. For installation work, such ropes are rarely used. Steel cables differ in cross-sectional shape and are classified by design feature. As a rule, round and flat ropes with single, double, triple lay are used.

Slings

These lifting devices are represented by pieces of rope of different configurations. Slings are used for reliable and fast fastening of the transported freight. They can be electronic and manual. Slings are used for direct loading / unloading. The maximum height that the load can be lifted is 3 m. The maximum weight of objects for which slings are used is up to 10 tons. Jacks are used to lift to a small height. They can be screw, rack, wedge, hydraulic.

Meals and Blocks

These mechanisms, as a rule, are part of different lifting equipment. Polyspast is the simplest lifting device consisting of blocks. The latter are connected by a rope. Blocks differ in the number of rollers (single and multi-roller).

Winch

Its design includes blocks or pulley blocks. With the help of these elements, the load is directly lifted. Winches are distinguished by the type of drive. It can be electric or manual.

Supporting structures

Often, rigging involves suspending and holding a load on a structure that can support its weight. In this case, hoists are used. If the work is done indoors, they are fixed on ceilings and other building elements. If they are absent, then special equipment is installed - the supporting structure. As a rule, it is a metal vertical stand, which is held by special guy wires. A heavy plate is provided as a support in the construction.

Security

During rigging, fairly heavy objects are lifted and moved. Their weight can be up to several tons. Specialists have developed safety rules when using rigging devices. The requirements take into account all the hazards in operations. Employees of the organization providing rigging services undergo mandatory training and continuing education courses. To perform work, you must obtain special clearance, undergo a medical examination.

equipment requirements

To maintain operability, regular inspection of rigging tools, mechanisms, and devices is carried out. Verification is done on time. Traverses are inspected at least once every six months, containers, ticks and other captures - 1 r / month, slings - 1r / 10 days (except rarely used).

Extraordinary full technical inspection of equipment should be carried out without fail after the repair of metal elements with the replacement of design parts and assemblies, reconstruction, overhaul, replacement of the hook and other similar operations. The results of the procedure are recorded in the journal of rigging tools and mechanisms.

After replacing the worn-out ropes, during their re-packing, a check is made of the reliability of fastening and the correctness of storage, the cables are tightened with a working load.

Technical inspection and accounting of rigging tools, mechanisms and devices is carried out by an engineering and technical worker who performs supervisory functions at the enterprise, with the participation of the employee responsible for the good condition of the equipment. The latter can independently check the reliability of the ropes and the correctness of stocking, tightening with cargo after re-handling or replacement of cables. The form of the register of rigging equipment and devices corresponds to Appendix 9 to the Rules on Health and Safety when working at heights (approved by Order of the Ministry of Labor No. 155n of 03/28/2014).

Safety precautions

The production of rigging involves the use of slings, with the help of which the load is secured to the lifting mechanism. Before slinging, the specialist must recognize the entire object. As a rule, the mass of cargo is indicated on a plate fixed to the bed. If the object is packed, then the weight is marked on the box or casing. Lifting and moving objects are carried out with strict adherence to the following rules:

1. Slinging of the cargo, to which the passport and instructions are attached, is made according to the specified technology. Slings are fixed in the eyes provided for them with the help of special hooks on the equipment.
2. Slinging should be carried out taking into account the factors of balance and stability of the load during its lifting and subsequent movement. Mechanisms and equipment mounted on one frame are lifted after securing the slings on a common platform. Sheet packaged material is moved with the use of special pickups that are suspended on the beam.
3. Slinging of channels, corners and other profiled metal products is carried out using universal devices. In sharp corners under the slings have linings.

Object classification

All goods that are transported are divided into certain groups depending on the mass:

1. Lightweight - up to 250 kg.
2. Heavy - 250-50000 kg.
3. Very heavy - more than 50 tons.

There is another category - dead loads. They are called objects frozen to the ground, dug into it, fixed to the foundation, pressed to other objects. The mass of such goods is usually unknown. It is strictly forbidden to use cranes for their lifting. Objects are also classified by their size and are overall and oversized. In the first, the parameters do not exceed the norms defined in the SDA (motor vehicles), or correspond to the size of the rolling stock (for railway transport). In oversized cargo, these indicators exceed the established standards.

Conclusion

One of the key factors for ensuring safety is the high professionalism of the personnel of the enterprise engaged in rigging. The employee must be well aware of the equipment that he uses, the features of its operation. Work is supervised by a team leader. He is responsible for the implementation of established rules and regulations. Special instructions are being developed for staff, deviation from which is fraught with serious consequences.