We encounter written speech everywhere: in social networks, short messages to friends and relatives, in office letters to colleagues, and someone at school. Very often, children and adults have difficulty writing one or two "n" in adverbs, because this topic is one of the most difficult in Russian.
Adverb is ...
How do you usually laugh? Fun, loud, modest? And what is this part of the speech that characterizes your laughter? This is an adverb, it helps us describe our actions (walking fast, living in peace), any sign (very fast, very funny), an object (reading aloud, walking). To find an adverb in the text, it is enough to ask the question: “how?”, “Where?”, “When?”, “Where?”, “Where?”, “Why?”, “Why?”. Adverbs belong to immutable morphological units, they cannot bow or conjugate, have no endings, gender and number. And only qualitative adverbs can have degrees of comparison.
Adverbs
In the sense of adverbs are divided into two categories: circumstantial and definitive.
Circumstances (indicate a sign of action):
- Time (came yesterday).
- Measures and degrees (a little late).
- Way of action (runs fast).
- Places (goes far).
- Reasons (cried out in haste).
- Goals (dropped accidentally).
Definitive (indicate a sign of quality, another sign):
- Quantitative (slept a lot).
- Qualitative (terribly tired).
- Comparisons and assimilation (wolf howled).
- Method and mode of action (swim).
- Set (sitting together).
Degrees of Adverbs Comparisons
Adverbs, like adjectives, can have a comparative and superlative degree.
By a comparative degree is meant a sign that manifests itself to a greater or lesser extent. It is formed using the words "more", "less", the suffixes "-e", "-e", "-e", "-she". For example, more quietly, quieter.
The superlative is used to add expression, to indicate the highest level of some quality. Such a degree is formed with the help of a comparative degree and the words "all," "all." For example: the quietest, the loudest.
How many letters "n" to write?
How many letters to write? Let us recall when one and two "ns" are written in adverbs. The rule sounds short and clear: in the adverb there are as many letters "n" as the number of them is in the word from which it is formed. For example: windy (adjective) - windy (dialect), fiery (adjective) - fiery (dialect).
Why do errors occur?
If the rule is as simple as it seems at first glance, then why are there errors in writing one or two "n" in adverbs? Let's look at the root cause.
Inability to determine part of speech. The rules for writing one and two letters "n" for all parts of speech are different, therefore, if you do not determine the morphological affiliation of the word correctly, you can make a mistake. Adverbs can be formed from adjectives and participles. Therefore, in order to determine whether one or two "ns" are written in adverbs suffixes, we first need to find out how to spell the word from which this dialect is derived.
In order to make the right choice, you need to remember the rule of choosing one and two letters "n" in the names of adjectives. As we remember, in the names of adjectives two letters "n" are written if;
- It is formed using the suffixes "-en-", "-on-".
- The lexical unit is formed using a noun with a basis on "n".
- In the exception words "tin", "wooden", "glass".
- One letter "n" is written if the adjective is formed with the suffixes "-an-", "-yan-", "-in-". For example, the adverb "ordinary" is formed from the adjective "ordinary". Since the adjective "ordinary", formed with the suffix "-en-", spells two letters "n", then in the adverb "usually" - too.
In participles, the double letter "n" is written in the following cases:
- There is a prefix besides "not-".
- The word is formed from a non-prefixal verb of a perfect form (except for "wounded").
- There is a dependent word.
- This linguistic unit is formed using the suffixes "-ovann-", "-evann-". Exception words: forged, chewed, pecked.
One letter "n" is written if:
- Communion comes from an imperfective verb without a prefix. Exception words: "coveted", "accidental", "unexpected", "unexpected".
- This is a short communion. For example, the adverb “organized” is formed from the participle “organized”. Since this participle is formed using the suffix "-ovann-", it spells two letters "n", therefore, in the adverb too.
How not to make a mistake?
How to avoid mistakes when using the rule of one and two letters "n" in adverbs? To do this, when you see a word in front of you that you have difficulty writing, a certain algorithm of actions should appear in your head.
What should it be like?
Determine the part of speech in front of you (you can ask a question). So, this is an adverb. Now you need to find out what word it is derived from.
- If on behalf of the adjective, then we recall whether this word is an exception. If not, then we use the rule of writing single and double "n" in adjectives.
- We put as many "n" as they are in the adjective.
- If the adverb is formed from the sacrament, we determine whether a single or double "n" is written in this word according to the rule.
- We write the same number of "n" as in the sacrament.
To fix the algorithm according to the rule of one and two "n" in adverbs, we use the phrase "the area is deserted" as an example. "Desert" is a qualitative dialect, answers the question "what?", Is formed from the adjective "deserted", therefore the distant "n" is written.
Try to practice. Define the spelling of the highlighted words:
- go slower;
- the holiday was organized;
- listen to the task scattering_o;
- dressing is_o;
- speak puta_o;
- nothing to sleep;
- speak enthusiastically;
- look disappointed_o;
- despair to fight;
- smile is more embarrassing;
- slower to swim;
- thought_o say goodbye.
As you can see, to correctly write adverbs, you need to know the rules of the Russian language well and skillfully use them in practice. If you do not neglect the laws of spelling, then there will be no problems!