Expression in Russian means "emotionality." Therefore, expressive vocabulary is an emotionally colored collection of expressions aimed at conveying the internal state of a person who speaks or writes. It deals exclusively with the artistic style in speech, which is very close to the spoken in oral utterances. But at the same time, the artistic style has several significant limitations in comparison with colloquial speech. The author can say a lot, but not everything if he wants to stay within the framework of literary norms.
Expressive speech coloring
Many concepts contained in the Russian language mean not only the material or spiritual object itself, but also its assessment from the position of the speaker. For example, the word “Armenian” is simply a fact that testifies to a person’s nationality. But if you replace it with the word "hach", then a mostly negative assessment of a person of this nationality will be expressed. This word is not only expressive, but also vernacular, it does not meet literary standards.
The difference between colloquial expressions and expressive
Colloquial expressions are mostly characteristic of people who live in a certain territory, have common hobbies, and can also be in the same age group. This is somewhat similar to the dialects, although they are not characteristic of a particular ethnic group, but subcultural. For the most part, colloquial expressions are expressive, but not reduced to them.
The same word "hach" is colloquial. But it also has an expressive coloring. Nevertheless, even an ordinary word may appear emotional in the context. For example, if the ordinary word "Armenian" is used in a negative context, then it becomes a synonym for the word "hach", although more literary. Colloquial expressions are very often a subspecies of expressive vocabulary. But here, for example, the word "blond" is quite literary, although it refers to emotionally colored expressions.
Are emotional and evaluative vocabulary the same?
In general, these are synonyms. Because expressive vocabulary always expresses a certain attitude of the speaker to something. But in some cases, emotional words do not contain appreciation because of their contextuality. For example, “ah” people say both when something good happened in their life, so bad.
Also, it does not include words whose lexical meaning already contains an assessment. The use of expressive vocabulary is the use of words that have an emotional component, and not containing only emotion. So, we need to make one conclusion. A word becomes evaluative when an emotional component is superimposed on it by creating a specific context. At the same time, the independent lexical meaning of the word is preserved.
The use of expressive vocabulary in life
In life, a person uses a lot of value judgments, the main links of which are emotional expressions. In all spheres of life, even in the business sphere, expressive vocabulary is used. Examples are the statement of Russian diplomats regarding other countries. Even the president recently used an expressive expression, which, among other things, is still colloquial, at a recent conference.
You can make any word expressive if you choose the right context for it. For example, take the sentence: "these citizens, if I may call them that, have chosen not the best way to demonstrate force." If you take the word "citizens" out of context, then this is the most common expression of a person's belonging to a particular country. But here the expressive coloring of this concept in the given sentence adds a part "if they can be called that". The author’s assessment is immediately expressed regarding the actions of people living in a particular country. Now we should give a small classification of emotionally colored expressions.
Unambiguous words with a vivid value
In some terms, the emotional coloring is so pronounced that no matter what the context, it will still be clear what kind of appreciation the person who writes or speaks. In another sense, such words are incredibly difficult to use. For example, how can you say the word "henpecked" in a positive or neutral context. As a rule, such expressions are used only if a person wants to express a negative attitude. Otherwise, softer words and phrases such as "good husband" and others will be used.
"Henpecked" is a characteristic word. There are also terms containing an assessment of the action. Such are, for example, the words "disgrace", "inflate." The first means a person who made another feel shame, and the second involves deception. This word, by the way, also has a predominantly negative connotation.
Ambiguous words gaining emotional color when used as a metaphor
It happens that only when using the word as a metaphor does expressive vocabulary form. Examples - nagging her husband (referring to the previous word), singing to the bosses, missing the bus. In general, the word “saw” means dividing wood into several parts using a special tool. But if you use it as a metaphor, then literally you get something like "divide your husband into several parts." That is, even with a literal interpretation of this metaphor, hardly anything positive is found. So here is an example of a clearly expressive expression.
The use of expressive vocabulary makes it possible to express one's attitude to certain phenomena or events. True, the recognition of the expressive component of such metaphors requires the smallest intellectual efforts if a person has not encountered such expressions before.
Words with suffixes of emotional assessment
This type of expression is very interesting for the reason that it can have different shades, which depend on the context. Expressively colored vocabulary of this type can have both a positive mark (neatly), a negative mark (detina), and a contextual mark (buddy). For example, the latter can mean both tender feelings for a friend and an ironic statement in relation to the enemy.
And what does the suffix have to do with it? And because with their help, you can give the word a different rating. For example, take the usual word "table". If you add the suffix "ik" to it, you get a "table", and this is a positive assessment. If you add the suffix "looking for", then the "stole" will come out, which carries a mostly negative color.
conclusions
Expressive-emotional vocabulary is quite serious in our speech. If it did not exist, then it would be impossible to fully express the feelings of man. And in the technologies for creating artificial intelligence at this stage, they learned to make robots convey emotions only thanks to emotionally colored expressions.
Also, expressive vocabulary allows you to better express your own thoughts in Internet correspondence, when there is the possibility of only verbal communication, and non-verbal is not read. Of course, the latter plays an incredibly serious role in communication, but without the use of expressive vocabulary even the most artistic nature would not show anything.