A municipality is called the Russian region or some part of it. In such a region, issues of local territorial importance are being resolved. Is there a list of municipal services that allows you to determine the main activities of local government? The answer to this question will be provided in the article.
General characteristics of the municipality
A municipality in our country is called local government. Such power is distributed only in one specific region - the municipality. Self-government here can be carried out both directly by the population and by representation. In the latter case, an electoral system is being formed and a vote is being taken. In elections, issues of local importance may be resolved - including the issue of empowering certain officials.
The implementation of local self-government is the constitutional right of all Russian citizens. Chapter 8 of the country's main law speaks of the possibility of free formation of self-government bodies, as well as the exercise of any authority to improve the region. Naturally, the exercised powers should not contradict the federal legislation of the Russian Federation. The list of municipal services is approved, which local government should strictly follow.
Types of municipal type entities
In 2003, a special Federal Law "On the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" was adopted in Russia. This normative act confirmed and slightly supplemented the provisions of Chapter 8 of the Constitution. According to the law, in our state there are 5 municipal forms:
- Rural settlement. A small town in which an organ similar to the pre-revolutionary zemstvo or village council operates.
- City settlement. We are talking about small cities and urban-type settlements. Local self-government is also carried out here.
- Municipal area. This is the union of several settlements - both urban and rural. Self-government in them is implemented directly or through elections.
- The urban district and intracity territory are separate districts of urban subjects of the Russian Federation. Formed, as a rule, in large cities.
Thus, local government in Russia is implemented at several levels. However, any government authorities must adhere to the national list of municipal services, which will be described later.
Approval of Municipal Health Services List
The activities of local government in the field of health should be a priority. The list of services required for the provision of services was developed by the Russian Ministry of Health. It includes expert activities of various kinds, work with documentation, registration of diseases and their prevention, transportation of corpses, support and modernization of the ambulance system, spa treatment and much more.
Health care includes both healthcare and nutritional control. For this, special standards must be established in accordance with which various products can be sold.
It is also worth highlighting environmental protection and the sports sector. In the first case, environmental standards must be ensured. In the case of physical education, the municipality should facilitate the organization of various events, ensuring access to sports, etc.
All ongoing work must strictly comply with the standards specified in the list of municipal services. Municipalities should report to the regional authorities on the work done.
Providing the population with basic services
The list of municipal services includes a combination of functions in the field of energy and energy efficiency. The issues of liquidation or reorganization of unprofitable sections or mines, problems of industrial safety, mining of coal products and much more should be addressed. The population of a region must be provided with electricity.
An equally important role is played by water supply and various uses of natural resources. According to the order of the Russian Ministry of Nature, continuous monitoring of the environment, as well as the degree of its pollution, should be carried out. We need a quality record of documentation from the Unified State Data Fund. It is necessary to prepare and issue relevant local acts. No less important is the development of measures to protect the population of the region from natural disasters and disasters.
Education and culture
The list of state and municipal services includes the implementation of functions in the field of education and science. We are talking about the maintenance of children, the implementation of federal and local educational programs, psychological work with minors, etc. The educational sphere includes a huge number of various elements and attitudes. For example, it is worth highlighting scientific and methodological education, assessing the quality of educational services, the implementation of search research, and much more. The list of municipal education services is truly extensive.
Youth policy is also administered by the municipality. A large number of functions here are associated with the organization of leisure and recreation for minors.
Finally, you need to pay attention to the cultural sphere. Local cinema, archival business, tourism, folk art - all this should be supported and popularized by local governments.
Space activity is closely connected with scientific, and therefore regions are obliged to prepare candidates for cosmonauts. The provision of pre-flight or post-flight activities, as well as the organization of general space training - all this falls under the jurisdiction of the municipality.
Thus, there are a large number of industry lists of municipal services. A variety of functions are assigned to local authorities.
Agriculture and transport
The Ministry of Agriculture of Russia has published an order that spells out the main powers and responsibilities of local authorities in the field of agriculture. In short, the main powers of the authorities are related to agriculture and cattle breeding. The same order tells about fishing and veterinary medicine.
Russian municipalities should pay no less attention to forestry and water management. Rivers should be cleared, forests cut or planted, hydrotechnical structures monitored, etc.
Transport management in the regions is also under the jurisdiction of local self-government, however, the Ministry of Transport issues a federal regulatory act. On the basis of the order, lists of municipal works and services are compiled. Self-government bodies must ensure road safety and organize the relevant documents.
Help to the population
In fact, all local government activities are aimed at helping citizens. However, it is further worth pointing out the most common and immediate types of functioning with the population.
The provision of communication, the dissemination of mass media and communication technologies belongs to the first group of social security. It is also worth highlighting the state registration of rights and services provided for by the Budget Code of the Russian Federation. Consumer protection is the third and probably the most important area. In this case, the security and effectiveness of the relationship in the form of sale is ensured.
Municipalities should promote employment in every way. Citizens cannot look for work for a long time, and therefore the state is obliged to monitor the level of unemployment. It is also worth highlighting labor protection - a set of functions to ensure safety at work.
Defense and Technology
There are a number of departmental lists of municipal services by which it is possible to determine the functionality of local self-government. For example, it is worth highlighting the responsibilities of municipalities in the field of cartography and geodesy. Regions are required to produce high-quality descriptions of the area.
National defense is being improved in some regions of the country. According to the order of the Ministry of Defense, certain municipalities are obliged to implement the corresponding production on their territory. Here it is worth highlighting atomic and technological supervision, archival affairs, functions in the field of justice and support for entrepreneurship.
Other powers of municipalities
What functions of local self-government bodies have not been named? The list of state and municipal services and works refers to housing and communal services - the most important element of any region. Housing is engaged in landscaping, namely, repair and construction work.
The financial activity of municipalities is the conduct of audit, accounting and tax control of regional authorities. Finally, the last function of self-government bodies is custody and guardianship of minors.