Analysis of sentences in parts of speech is a very important part of the knowledge of the Russian language in principle. It will help you to understand the essence of building all the sentences in your speech, to understand what roles the words that we use, how to apply them correctly and why everything is built this way in our great and powerful Russian language. So, in this article we will figure out how to parse a sentence by composition, but first we turn to theory.
What is an offer?
So that our speech is coherent and has an information message, we divide it into semantic units. If you "dig" deeply, then to convey information, we make sounds that form letters that form words, which, in turn, combine with other words into phrases and form sentences.
If the words themselves have some definite, permanent meaning, then in sentences they begin to play other roles, change the shades of their meanings in order to adapt to the information conveyed by the person. The sentence always has a complete meaning, which can be supported by intonation if you speak, or punctuation marks if you write. Complex constructions consist of many different parts, this topic is always held at school, which means that the analysis of sentences in Russian is often the homework. Now we will try to learn how to do it quickly, easily and correctly.
Types of offers
To begin with, we determine what types of these language units are in the Russian language, and only then we will move on to the components of the sentence. So, their two main types are simple and complex sentences. Simple ones have at least one grammatical basis and complete meaning, and the whole feature of complex ones is that they consist of two or more simple ones, which are connected by unions, punctuation marks and, of course, meaning and intonation.
Also, when dealing with a complex one, not only analysis of sentences in parts of speech can be carried out, but also a graphic representation of its scheme. This is possible because complex sentences also have their own kinds. They can be complex, complex and non-union. In complex and non-union simple sentences are equal in meaning, and the difference between these two types is only in the fact that complex sentences are connected by means of a union, and non-union - thanks to punctuation marks. In complex sentences, one part depends on the other in meaning (either two parts are equal, and one part depends on them, or several parts depend on each other and belong to one, the main one), which are also connected using unions.
Parts of the offer
Let's move on to what parts both simple and complex sentences consist of. It can be either words or phrases, which are emphasized by lines of various types (except for service parts of speech, since they do not answer any questions). Also, parts of a sentence play their roles, which determine how to emphasize them and what the meaning of the information conveyed will depend on.
Grammar
Speaking about how to parse a sentence by composition, the first thing you need to understand is its grammatical basis. This is what contains the core and the main meaning of what you want to say, and consists of the subject (underlined by one line) and the predicate (underlined by two lines).
The subject answers the question "who?" So what?" and is usually a noun or pronoun (however, in some cases the verb may also be subject - here you already need to understand the meaning and correctly pose questions).
The predicate answers the question "what to do?" and less commonly, “what?” is most often expressed by a verb, in some cases a short adjective and even a noun. Having determined the grammatical basis, you are already halfway to understanding how to parse a sentence by composition, it remains to cope with the rest of the parts.
Minor members
In addition to the grammatical basis, the proposal has other, secondary parts that are responsible for clarifying, disseminating and decorating the main meaning and message. There are three other components of the proposal:
- A definition that answers the questions “what?”, “Which?”, “Whose?” Can be expressed in very different parts of speech, but mainly in the adjective, pronoun and numeral, it is underlined by a wavy line during parsing.
- A supplement that answers all questions of indirect cases, expressed mainly by nouns and pronouns, is underlined by a dotted line.
- The circumstance, which is expressed by an adverb or noun with a preposition, answers the questions of the adverb ("how?", "Where?", "Where?", "When?", "Why?") And is underlined with a dotted line with a dot.
Parsing a simple sentence
Now we can go from theory to practice. Next, a sample analysis of the proposal for its components and a detailed description of its type will be demonstrated.
Specifically, in this example, it is quite easy to determine the grammatical basis and secondary members: you just need to ask questions. Now we will understand what is written in brackets:
- The sentence is simple, since there is only one grammatical basis (the girl picked it up).
- Narrative, as it simply describes a non-questioning and non-calling action.
- Non-exclamatory, as there is a dot at the end.
- Common, as there are minor members of the sentence.
- Two-part, as the basis is both subject and predicate.
- It is not complicated either by turns or homogeneous members.
If you remember such an algorithm, then analyzing a simple sentence will not present any difficulties, which means that you can go to the next level.
Parsing a complex sentence
To parse a complex sentence, you do not need to be afraid that it is long, and just remember - these are just a few simple sentences that are interconnected.
So, as you can see, at first a general characteristic was given to the whole sentence (it is again narrative and non-exclamatory, but now it is complex, since the second part depends on the meaning of the first, and you can ask the question “why?” To it), and then they’re sorted out separately each of two simple sentences.
The first has not changed from the previous example, but note that now it has become the main proposal, and the second - the subordinate, and they are connected by the union “so”, indicating the reason for the action.
The second sentence is also two-part, widespread, but now complicated by the sacramental participle “leaving the room”, which answers the question “what are you doing?”, Is highlighted with commas and is completely underlined with a dotted dot.
Schemes
Explaining how to parse a sentence by composition, it is impossible not to mention the image of the corresponding schemes. They show the grammatical foundations in complex sentences and how they are related. The main parts are shown in square brackets, and the dependent parts in round brackets, while the union is indicated for a better understanding of the meaning. Consider the outline of the previous compound sentence.
The first part that the girl picked up the chewing gum is enclosed in square brackets, since this is the main sentence (inside you see the image of the grammatical basis), the second part is enclosed in round ones, since it indicates the reason for what happened in the first part, and , so she is dependent on her. Also in the second simple sentence there is a participial revolution - it is also in brackets and stands between the subject and the predicate.