The Krasnoyarsk combine plant is a large-scale enterprise for the production of grain-harvesting equipment in the city of Krasnoyarsk. In 2013, the process of its closure and construction of a residential complex on the site of the KZK was initiated. The main production facilities are relocated to Cheboksary.
Establishment of an enterprise
The Krasnoyarsk combine plant was established in October 1941. The basis for the enterprise was the Kommunar Zaporizhzhya combine plant evacuated to Krasnoyarsk, as well as several workshops and equipment of the Lyuberetsky agricultural engineering plant named after Ukhtomsky, transferred from the beginning of the war to the release of ammunition.
Labor feat
It was decided to place the enterprise near the Krasnoyarsk station in the premises of an unfinished distillery. In wartime conditions, it was called factory number 703. Already on October 11, 1941, in the temporary workshops equipped right on the street under tarpaulins, the factory workers began to produce mines and shells for the front. In addition to the evacuated specialists, Krasnoyarsk workers worked at the plant, mainly teenagers - graduates of vocational schools and women, who accounted for more than half of the plant's workers. In March 1942, the first batch of shells fired by Krasnoyarsk Plant No. 703 was sent to the front.
Despite the wartime, the enterprise also manufactured parts for agricultural machinery. In December 1943, the government decided to produce self-propelled combine harvesters in Krasnoyarsk. In 1944-45, more than 500 Kommunar harvesters assembled at the plant were sent to the country's fields.
Peaceful time
In the postwar years, the company developed rapidly. The Krasnoyarsk combine plant continued to increase the production of peaceful products. In the 50s, the main models were self-propelled combines S-4 and S-4M. In 1959, more comfortable and economical SK-3 and SKG-3 machines with a capacity of almost 3 hectares per hour left the factory conveyor.
In 1969, the production of the Sibiryak harvester created by the designers of the plant with a capacity of 100 horsepower was established, which became one of the best Soviet cars of its time. In 1984, new Krasnoyarsk combines of the Yenisei series entered the fields of the country. The Yenisei-1200 combine with a throughput of up to 7.5 kg of grain per second became the most successful model. The factory also made repairs of equipment.
Production
Year after year, the plant expanded technological capacities and increased labor productivity. If in the 50s less than 4,000 vehicles left the KPC conveyor annually, in the second half of the 60s their number reached almost 18,000 annually. SKD-5R forage harvester, seeders, grinders, reaping parts became new types of products. In addition to their main specialization, the factory workers launched the production of consumer goods: meat grinders, umbrellas, washing machines.
By the 80s, the combine plant was the largest enterprise in Krasnoyarsk, its staff totaled almost 12 thousand people. Up to 2000 cars went out of its gates monthly. Combine harvesters and forage harvesters of Krasnoyarsk production could be seen in all corners of the USSR, on the fields of the countries of Eastern Europe, Cuba, Egypt, and other African countries.
Products
KPC produced a wide range of agricultural machinery, subsequently known under the brand name "Agromash". It:
- Yenisei-1200 grain combine harvester of various modifications.
- Combine harvester Yenisei-1200RM.
- ZK "Yenisei-950/954".
- Forage harvester Yenisei-324.
- Forestry equipment.
- Utility equipment.
- Irrigation equipment.
- Trailer equipment.
The most widespread are various modifications of the Yenisei-1200 series. Developed in the mid-80s, they are constantly being improved. They can still be found in many farms. High-performance equipment has an enviable versatility: with its help, cereals (including soy and corn), legumes, sunflowers, industrial crops, grass seeds are removed. It is completed with a header, a pick-up, a chopper, a collector, a straw spreader.
In the newer Yenisei-950 model, some of the shortcomings of the previous generation of cleaning equipment were eliminated, productivity (up to 9 tons per hour) and comfort were significantly increased. The line is equipped with two models of engines: YaMZ-236DK9 or D-44259I with a capacity of 136 and 132 kW.
Forage harvesting "Yenisei-324" is able to mow the green mass of grasses and pick up rolls with a dried crop. Specialized attachments allow you to clean silage crops. Operational capacity - up to 300 liters. with. The throughput is 11-30 kg / s. Many nodes are unified with the entire line of the Yenisei series.
Time test
In the late 80s, economic reforms began in the country. The transfer of enterprises to self-financing, the tightening of financial relations between the state and agricultural enterprises led to a sharp decrease in demand and a decrease in the number of orders for agricultural machinery. With the beginning of radical market reforms and the collapse of the USSR, the Krasnoyarsk combine plant experienced difficulties.
Lost ties with suppliers, which in the Soviet Union had up to 720 in the territory of the entire former Soviet Union, enterprise debt grew, wage arrears for workers reached 14 months. Production was curtailed - the country's second-largest combine plant, designed to produce 25,000 grain-harvesting machines a year, in 1992 produced only 400 units from the conveyor, and in 1998 - only 294 combines. To make ends meet, the company launched the production of umbrellas and consumer goods.
The situation began to change in 1998 with a change of leadership. By 2000, the production of machinery at OJSC KZ KZK increased 10 times and amounted to 3,000 machines a year, the production of combines increased by 20-30% annually. Krasnoyarsk agricultural machines again began to conquer the markets of Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and other CIS countries. The share of Krasnoyarsk residents in the combine harvester market in Russia reached 45% in the early 2000s. Also, equipment was repaired here.
The next crisis of 2008 undermined the established production. The entry of the enterprise into the Tractor Plants concern inspired hope, however, by 2010, KPC was actually bankrupt. The new leadership considered that it would be more rational to transfer production to the city of Cheboksary, and to give the vacated areas for commercial development. The liquidation of the plant began in 2013. Reduced personnel were mostly employed at other enterprises.