The urinary system in the human body is represented by the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. A big problem for her is the inextricable connection with the reproductive system, which exposes the urinary system to the risk of infection with sexually transmitted infections. Many are concerned about the question of how to prevent a disease of the urinary system.
Features of the urinary system of men
Due to the large length of the urethra, the upper parts of the urinary system of men are better protected. As a result, inflammatory processes in the lower sections are more common. Such inflammations cause pain in the perineum, cramps, and frequent and painful urination. Most often, the urethra is inflamed in men , which leads to urethritis, and the prostate gland - prostatitis occurs. How to prevent urinary system disease in men?
Causes of the disease:
- genitourinary defects;
- failure to comply with hygiene requirements;
- irritating effect of soap or lubrication of the condom;
- anal sex;
- traumatic injuries.
Features of the urinary system of women
The urethra of women has a large width and a small length, this leads to the rapid penetration of infections into the upper parts of the urinary system. Women often get cystitis - inflammation of the bladder - or pyelonephritis when the renal pelvis becomes inflamed. There are situations when the pathogenic flora is found in women in the urine, when there are no signs of the disease. Inflammatory processes are distinguished by the fact that they often go unnoticed, taking a chronic form. How to prevent urinary tract disease in women? Infections develop in cases where a woman often changes sexual partners, uses spermicidal creams, and neglects personal hygiene. Avoiding these cases, a woman will not get sick.
Factors Affecting the Urinary System
The purpose of the kidneys is the continuous purification of blood from various human vital products. True, like any complex mechanism, the capabilities of the kidneys are limited. A modern lifestyle makes kidney stress excessive. Drinking water drunk by a person during the day helps to reduce the concentration of toxic substances and wash them out of the body, protecting a person from poisoning. The cells of the body need a certain content of certain salts. To maintain water balance, the body needs sodium and potassium.
The kidneys are a mechanism designed to organize the regulation of acid-base balance. Their task is to remove excess potassium and retain sodium. In ancient times, in the foods consumed by our ancestors, potassium prevailed over sodium. Now the number of foods with a high sodium content has increased markedly. Naturally occurring potassium in foods is currently in short supply.
As in the case of any disease, the composition of preventive measures to prevent diseases of the urinary system includes a healthy lifestyle in compliance with the diet, physical education, hardening procedures. Knowing how to prevent diseases of the urinary system will help to maintain health for a long time.
It is also necessary to timely treat all the ailments that arise in the body. Teeth with caries and diseases of the upper respiratory tract should be treated on time.
Causes
Answering the question of how to prevent a disease of the urinary system, you must first deal with the causes of the disease.
One of the main reasons leading to malfunction of the bladder or kidney, are infections. They can participate in the onset and development of diseases or cause the disease on their own. So, glomerulonephritis develops after pneumonia, scarlet fever or sore throat, and cystitis and pyelonephritis are independent diseases caused by infection of the human urinary system.
Often, kidney and bladder diseases occur as a result of poisoning the body with poisons that have a nephrotoxic effect. Such poisons are, in particular, mercuric chloride and carbon tetrachloride. Severe burns can also be sources of diseases in this area.
Very often, targeted treatment of the kidneys and bladder may be needed in case of hypothermia. Less commonly, the cause of disease can be trauma, vitamin deficiency, stagnation of urine, nephropathy of pregnant women, and diabetes mellitus.
If a patient goes to a medical institution complaining of pain in the kidneys, the cause may be a genetic predisposition to such diseases. In order not to subsequently treat severe illnesses, it is better to think in time about how to prevent diseases of the urinary system.
Symptoms
Knowing the symptoms of bladder and kidney disease is very important. It provides information on how to prevent diseases of the urinary system.
Most often, patients suffering from diseases of the urinary system complain of a variety of pains in the bladder or kidneys, impaired urination, swelling, headache, severe dizziness. In some diseases, symptoms include loss of appetite, visual impairment, vomiting, shortness of breath, nausea, and fever. If there is pain in the lumbar region, there is a chance of kidney damage. If pain is felt where the ureters are located, then it is they who are affected. Pain in the pubic area is very likely to indicate that the bladder is affected.
Acute glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis are characterized by aching pain in the lumbar region. If the pain is acute, concentrated in the lower back on one side, it may be a heart attack of the kidney. Renal colic is characterized by very severe lower back pain or slightly lower, the intensity of which periodically increases or decreases. A similar pain also accompanies kidney stone and urolithiasis, an excess of the ureter.
A symptom of almost all diseases of the bladder is a violation of urination. The unit of urination is diuresis, which shows the proportion of urine released over a period of time relative to fluid intake. It is positive if more urine is released than fluid is consumed. This occurs when edema goes away or diuretics are taken. Negative diuresis is characteristic of an increase in edema of the heart or kidneys.
Urinary Disorders
If the amount of urine released per day exceeds two liters, then there is polyuria. Usually it is characteristic for the convergence of edema. Polyuria acquires a long-lasting character in diabetes mellitus. Also, a lot of low-density urine for a long time is excreted in chronic nephritis. The diametrically opposite phenomenon, when the daily amount of urine is less than the volume of drinking water, is called oliguria. It appears with low fluid intake, vomiting, diarrhea, or sweating. Oliguria is present in pathologies such as acute glomerulonephritis, or in mercuric chloride poisoning. If urine is completely absent, this condition is called anuria. The development of anuria is characteristic of tumor diseases of the kidneys and bladder, as well as kidney stones.
Cystitis
A disease like cystitis can also cause problems with urination in the form of frequent urination, in which urine output is negligible. The norm is the number of urinations per day from 4 to 7 times. Some diseases of the urethra and bladder are characterized by painful urination. These are diseases such as cystitis and urethritis. Also, diseases of the bladder and kidneys are characterized by a change in the color of urine with the appearance of turbidity or blood.
When edema occurs, this indicates amyloidosis or acute glomerulonephritis. Especially when there is a headache and dizziness. Heartache characteristic of these diseases and for vascular nephronecrosis. Symptoms such as memory loss, malaise, general weakness, blurred vision, decreased performance, itchy skin, difficulty sleeping, accompany ailment such as kidney failure.
With inflammation of the bladder, which usually occurs due to infections, fever occurs.
Kidney inflammation
If swelling is found during the examination, it can be concluded that amyloidosis or nephrotic syndrome is present. In this case, the face is characterized by a pale appearance and puffiness, eyelids are swollen, eyes are narrowed. In more severe cases, swelling extends to the arms and trunk
Both chronic nephritis and amyloidosis are characterized by pallor of the skin. In addition to visual inspection and patient complaints, palpation can provide symptom information. Normally, the kidneys are not palpated during palpation. Diseases such as a kidney tumor or a kidney cyst lead to an increase in the size of the organ, which makes it possible to palpate the kidney during palpation. If a kidney is palpated from two sides, this may be a consequence of polycystic.
It should be noted that kidneys can only be treated if they are greatly enlarged. To give information about the kidney in the case of its relatively normal size, the method of striking can. If it is used in the lumbar region, and striking is painful, then pyelonephritis, paranephritis, or kidney stone disease can be suspected.
Disease risk reduction
There are a number of factors that can cause repeated urinary tract infections.
Among them:
- violations of anatomy (defects in the location and development of the kidneys and urethra, urolithiasis);
- chronic diseases (renal and heart failure, diabetes mellitus);
- use during the examination of instruments (bougieurage, cystoscopy, catheters).
It is also necessary to block the possible pathways of infection:
- along the urethra up;
- from various foci with blood flow to the pelvic organs.
How to prevent diseases of the urinary system?
The main ways to prevent cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis:
- Adequate treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract, as these areas of inflammation can serve as a source of spread of infections.
- As soon as chills, rash and fever appear, you should definitely contact an infectious disease doctor.
- In time to treat infectious diseases of the genitals.
- Therapy of diseases that disrupt the functioning of the bladder (adenomas, adhesions, kidney stones).
- The desire to avoid malnutrition, overwork and hypothermia.
- Maintaining an orderly sexual life.
- Reducing spicy food on the menu, a complete rejection of alcohol.
- The fight against chronic constipation, leading to stagnation of blood and lymph.
- Active lifestyle. Morning exercises. With sedentary work, regular breaks are required.
- Strict adherence to the rules of hygiene, especially sexual hygiene.
Of these ten points, a memo should be compiled. Prevention of diseases of the urinary system is possible if it is followed.
Urinary Diseases in Children
The medical discipline of pediatric nephrology, designed to study kidney ailments and other pathologies of the urinary canals, has gained particular relevance in modern medicine. It aims to find ways to prevent a disease of the urinary system. Human biology equips him with knowledge of the characteristics of his body, including the urinary system. Cases of the appearance of diseases of the kidneys detected during medical examination or during the detection of symptoms of chronic insufficiency have become more frequent. In recent years, cases of the appearance of new kidney diseases, both congenital and hereditary, have become more frequent. This makes it important to prevent
diseases of the urinary system.The urinary system, the main organ of which is the kidney, performs the most important function of ensuring constant internal parameters of the body. System organs take part in regulating the volume of liquid media and blood, control the content of salts in the blood, control the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid, take part in carbohydrate metabolism, as well as the metabolism of fats and proteins. The kidneys carry out the excretion of food products from the body.
Prevention in Pediatric Nephrology
Prevention of diseases of the urinary system in children is determined by specific indications. First of all, the congenital or acquired nature of the disease should be identified. The prevention of diseases of the urinary system for each pathology requires its own preventive measures. However, for all cases, its main directions are relevant:
- A balanced diet without the use of harmful products.
- A mobile lifestyle with physical education.
- Following the rules of genital tract hygiene.
- Hardening the body with water procedures.
Following these recommendations allows you to find out what to do and how to prevent a disease of the urinary system.