In beekeeping, hatching is one of the most needed skills. Therefore, its study should be taken seriously. There is even a whole industry, which is called materiel. If you are going to make an apiary, you should definitely familiarize yourself with all the features and subtleties of beekeeping.
Requirements for Bee Families
You need to familiarize yourself with them thoroughly. If you are interested in breeding bees, then you definitely need to study a certain pattern. The whole process begins with the choice of families. The characteristics of all offspring will depend on the quality of parents, queens and drones. Young individuals are responsible for family productivity. That is why they are put in a priority position. It is necessary to choose queens from the most healthy, strong and high-quality individuals. Only in this case there will be a result. Scientists who have been engaged in beekeeping for a long time say that it is possible to breed young queens independently even in small apiaries.
Criterias of choice
It is worth highlighting the main:
- In the first place is the honey productivity of the family.
- Cold tolerance.
- The family must be strong and hardy.
- Good good bee health and high disease resistance.
Data on each family in the apiary can be found in the register. Each responsible beekeeper should have such a document.
Where to start?
The bee family needs to be cooked about a year before the time of withdrawal. During this period, you can further increase the strength of the family before wintering. A number of preventive measures should also be taken: to check the quality of the honey produced by the family, to clean and disinfect the hive, to give stimulating feeding to bees and thereby protect against nosematosis, and also to give food that does not crystallize.
It is worth saying that a person can get not only one honey from bees. Today, beekeeping products such as wax, propolis, bee bread, royal jelly, bee venom are widely used. In the spring, before hatching young queens, it is necessary to replace the finally overwintered old individuals with new bees. Thus, you can carry out the withdrawal of young queens without orphaning the family.
Complete the replacement process with the onset of the last month of spring. If the insects are additionally stimulated with a special feeding, consisting of proteins and carbohydrates. Insect living conditions can also be improved. It is also worth installing wind protection or insulating the hive. In addition, you need to put the bee house out of the wintering place early. When you completely replace the old queens with young ones and get a sealed brood, it is necessary to begin the formation of families. In the future, it will be they who will be engaged in the education of young larvae. According to experienced beekeepers, a new family should include at least 2.5 kg of bees, 11 kg of honey and 4 frames with perga.
How to get drones?
Breeding bees necessarily includes the process of removing drones. Beekeepers are usually engaged in this process in the very first days after the hives are moved from the place of wintering. Somewhere within a month passes the puberty of individuals. To output drones, it is recommended to choose the best families from the whole apiary. The nest in such a family must be reduced to a minimum size. In the hive, only those frames that are occupied by bee bread and honey are left. As a result, the queen will not be able to lay eggs in full. After that, drone honeycombs must be placed in the center. In apiaries, where they are systematically cultivated, special cells with insulators can be used. Usually they are put on each frame. Dron honeycombs should be placed in the insulator when it is in the central part of the nest. About 4 days after this, the uterus will lay eggs. Then the insulator needs to be transferred to the community nest and new cells should be placed. Every day, the family in which the drones are hatched needs to be fed with sugar syrup and honey. Periodically, it is necessary to strengthen the family with brood frames.
Breeding uterus: step by step instructions
In this process, you must adhere to certain recommendations. Before carrying out the withdrawal of uterus from scratch, an inexperienced beekeeper must study the instructions. The whole process begins with the excavation of the block, which is separated from the main family by the Hahnemann lattice. Then there you need to move the frame with the queen. This block should contain approximately four frames, two with open brood and one pair of coverts. The queen should be left there for a while, so that she rests. A week will be enough. After that, four more frames with brood of other families are placed there. The resulting family, when young bees are freed from the brood, will make a large number of queen cells. This will happen in about 9 days.
After another five days, other families are also divided into two equal parts using a partition with a Hahnemann lattice. This block should be used as layering for 9 days. All this time the open brood will be sealed. After that, an insulator is made for the first frame. For some time, new sushi should be prepared from wax. You do not need to fill it with lure, just hang it in this frame.
A week after the rest, the queen can be transplanted into this empty frame. Place the Hahnemannian grid on the edge. After that, leave the empty frame with the queen in the mother family. A lot of eggs will be laid on one side in the next couple of days. Four frames must be delivered from the mother hive to the spare one. Then, in such a hive, it will be possible to transplant the queen from the prison. Usually, brood with bees and half a liter of water are also added to the honeycombs for hatching uterus. From the insulator, the cells are moved to a room with a high temperature. After that, it is cut into strips. Crush every two eggs. Every third should be left. Thus, the mother liquor is thinned.
Next, you need to take special vaccination frames. Honeycombs pre-cut into strips are attached to their slats. These frameworks must be distributed in such a way that they alternate with the usual ones in the mother family. To complete the growth of insects, it is necessary to place three frames from the mother liquor in the previously divided hives. There are no eggs in them, since the queen was moved beyond the partition. A grafting frame is placed in each half of the hives. After that, the family of bees will grow queen cells and bring them a sufficient amount of milk. One of the vaccination frames must be left in the mother's family. In empty hives at the end you will have layering. They can be transferred to the open area 11 days after the queen is placed in the isolation ward. Honeycombs should be attached to each layering. To empty hives it is necessary to attach closed queen cells. Maternal families should be located on two layers. The mother liquors should be left as spare material.
Natural ways
The withdrawal of queen bees can be carried out naturally. This is the easiest way. It is necessary that the insect family is in a swarm state. If you provide the family with comfortable conditions, this process can be significantly accelerated. It is necessary to place three frames with brood in the hive and cover the tray. Barren constructions should not be at all. It remains only to wait until the queen cells are laid. On the new framework, it is necessary to form layering. The disadvantage of this method is that it is impossible to correctly predict the laying of queen cells. You can not say anything about their quality.
Use of fistulous insects
How else can a uterus be withdrawn? The methods may be different. Widespread use of fistulous bees. The main advantage of this method is that insects can be bred by a certain date. Currently, this method is very popular among beekeepers. For its implementation, insects are forced to postpone fistulous queen cells. To do this, you need to choose a sufficiently strong family, find the uterus in it and transfer it together with the brood frames to a new hive. Bees in it need to be shaken off in several frames. As a result, you get a ready-made layering. It can be placed in a separate hive. Without a queen, bees will postpone fistulous queen cells. However, you need to make sure that they are only on mature larvae. The quality of the uterus thus obtained is better than in the first method described.
Artificial Inference
This is a pretty interesting way. How is the artificial withdrawal of uterus done with their own hands? It is necessary to pick up a frame with eggs and young brood from the strongest family. Top should cut a hole with a diameter of 3 to 4 centimeters. All lower cut walls must be removed. It is enough to leave only two larvae. Then put the frame in the slot. After a few days, you can check the bookmark. Cutting fistulous queen cells can begin when the bees postpone the right amount. If you do not find them, then most likely something is wrong. Insemination of queen bees should pass without any problems. This method allows to obtain high-quality material.
There is another way, using which, you can carry out the withdrawal of the uterus. It is used when it is necessary to simultaneously obtain 5-10 insects. To do this, the queen should be placed in a two-frame isolator in a healthy bee family. It is also necessary to put a frame with cells for masonry and brood. Cover this entire structure from above with frames. So the queens will not be able to get out. The insulator should be placed back between the frames and the brood. Next, you need to form a nucleus. It consists of three frames with honey and sushi. There you should add individuals and put the uterus out of the insulator. Take the brood frame into the house. After this, after a few days, you will need to check the bookmark and remove all fistulous queen cells.
Other methods
We have described the simplest methods for transferring the queen bee. It was they who were most prevalent among beekeepers. Other methods are usually based on the above. You can also carry out the withdrawal of the uterus without transferring larvae.
Conditions for development
If you want to get a good uterus for reproduction of insects, then you need to get it only from well-established beekeepers. Before breeding, it must be allowed to rest for several days, isolating it from active bees. A rested uterus will produce larger eggs. The temperature in the vaccination framework should be at least 32 degrees, and humidity - 75-90%. The mother liquors are best distributed evenly between different families. This will allow them to grow and provide royal jelly. The growing process is recommended to be organized in half of the hives, which will then be used as layering.
How to choose the time for breeding?
If you gave preference to a certain method and created all the necessary conditions in which the uterus is withdrawn, you will need a special calendar. Using it, you can determine when it is necessary to carry out a particular procedure. This will allow you to achieve maximum results.
Kashkovsky method
What is the essence? Withdrawal of the uterus by the Kashkovsky method allows achieving maximum results in a short time. In addition, it helps to solve the swarming problem by changing the queens annually. In addition, the method provides for a sharp expansion of the hives. Families prone to swarming are rejected. This method has received particular distribution in Siberia.
Conclusion
In this review, we examined the main technologies for the output of queen bees. When creating favorable conditions for bees and observing all the requirements, you can achieve an excellent effect. Specialists recommend paying special attention to the Kemerovo technology, also known as the withdrawal of queens by the Kashkovsky method. It involves the complete replacement of all uterus. The effectiveness of this technology is confirmed by numerous scientific studies.