Currently, much attention is paid to the transport of goods between countries. Natural is the appearance of the question of what a CMR waybill is (a sample of filling will be presented in the article). We will touch upon this issue and try to consider all the nuances.
What it is?
CMR means the international waybill, which is an integral part of the customs declaration. If you have decided to cross the state border with any product, then such a document must be in your possession. What is a CMR waybill (sample filling is presented below), we now know, but how to fill it and what features does it have?
What information is reflected in the international document?
A CMR consignment note should be issued if transportations are carried out across the borders of European countries. It reflects information of the following type:
- Information about the sender of the goods. His name or title.
- Information about the recipient of the goods. His name or title.
- Data on the cargo itself, which is to be transported across the border. Its full name must be indicated.
- The weight of the cargo transported.
The CMR waybill (fill pattern can be seen above), in addition, it may contain some other information:
- That there is no need for overload.
- About all required payments that should have been made.
- About the sum of all those payments that should be paid at the time of delivery.
- The declared total value of the goods in the cargo.
- About the terms within which the sender must complete the transportation.
- About cargo insurance.
- The list of all documents that must be transferred directly to the freight carrier.
What should be guided at the time of filling out the documentation?
If you carry out cargo transportation that requires crossing state borders, then in the CMR waybill (you have a sample fill), you must put all the required marks. At the time of receipt of the goods, the consignee must put his signature in it. It is with this that he confirms that the cargo was received by him, therefore, the delivery is completed.
The procedure for filling out and the form of the CMR waybill is approved by the convention adopted by the Ministry of Transport and Communications. The document is an instrument for the implementation of private international law, approved in 1956. It fixes the basic principles of regulating relations in international freight transport on a contractual basis.
It is the convention that contains the rules by which the CMR waybill should be filled out. In full compliance with this convention, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and other countries of the European continent are involved in the transportation of goods.
Existing invoice types
The first paragraph of the instruction, fixing the rules for filling out the invoice, states that when sending goods and drawing up relevant documentation in the case of international cargo transportation, one should use those rules that were approved by the decree or those that are fixed by the legislation in the sending country. In accordance with this, we can conclude: there is absolutely no difference which CMR waybill form should be chosen - established by the regulation or the sending country.
Who can purchase?
From the second paragraph of the instruction it follows that the CMR waybill can be purchased by consignors, forwarders, carriers. Its acquisition is regulated by the contract of carriage.
The set number of sheets in the international waybill
The second paragraph of the instructions governing the execution of the document contains information that the invoice form may consist of several sheets, often no more than 10 pieces. Such sheets may contain columns that are not filled. They are printed on paper with the properties of self-copying and have the required parameters, such as accounting series and number. The sender must issue this type of delivery note on at least four pages. They have their own name, which is assigned in a topographic manner. The names of the first four sheets are as follows:
- An invoice that is sent to the sender.
- The instance that is transferred to the recipient.
- The document that remains with the carrier.
- Instance for calculations.
This is required by the rules governing international road transport.
Information that must be indicated without fail
The remaining sheets in the CMR waybill do not have their own name. As we mentioned above, the first copy must remain with the sender of the goods. The paper confirms the fact that the goods were dispatched and that the party made all the necessary calculations.
The second and third pages must contain confirmation stamps and signatures of the sender. Both of these sheets must contain both the seal and the signature of the party carrying the goods.
The recipient should have a second page. The carrier’s driver passes it to the person who will receive the goods. This page confirms the completion of delivery and receipt of cargo.
The third and fourth pages should ultimately remain with the company engaged in international road transport. Both pages must have the signatures and seals of both parties - the sender and the recipient. The fourth page serves as the basis for subsequent necessary calculations. The carrier applies it to the general invoice for the transportation to the recipient, and then sends it to the one who ordered the transportation. It is the transportation customer who is the payer.
The third page of the document should be attached to the waybill, and it will be the basis for accounting for all transportation services that have been provided. This page will be used to calculate the salary that the carrier should receive for its services. By the way, the number of copies of such sheets can reach two hundred. This is due to the fact that the carrier can deliver a large number of goods to various addresses of the recipient.
What else does an international consignment note require?
Fill in the remaining sheets
The remaining sheets must be certified by the seals and signatures of two parties - the carrier and the sender. These sheets are intended for customs representatives. Their exact quantity is predetermined by the conditions under which a particular transportation is carried out. If the goods must be delivered to several recipients, then for each of them it is necessary to fill out a separate copy of the invoice. It turns out that at least 4 sheets should be filled. The remaining sheets are filled on demand, and their number should be agreed upon at the stage of discussion of transportation conditions. Moreover, any number of additional sheets may be provided. You can order several invoices at once, if you expect a fairly frequent delivery. For example, you can order CMR-200 invoices. What does that mean? Everything is very simple - the person who ordered the invoices will receive one package, consisting of two hundred forms.
The form of the international waybill is presented below.
Recipient and Sender Information
The seventh paragraph of the instructions governing the completion informs that the corresponding columns should contain information about the sender and recipient of the goods, such as: full name, address and telephone numbers. It should be noted that the column “Phone” is not required. Data is entered only if available.
What is attached to the CMR international bill of lading?
The need for additional documents
The fifth column should contain information about the documents attached to the invoice. The consignor must indicate and attach the following documents:
- If animals (regardless of whether they are wild or domestic) or goods that are of animal origin are transported, a veterinary certificate is required. Such a document will also be required if animal feed, veterinary preparations or other goods subject to veterinary supervision are transported.
- If quarantined materials are being transported, a quarantine certificate must be attached to the CMR international consignment note .
- A phytosanitary certificate should be attached if the corresponding goods of plant origin are transported.
- Shipping specification.
- Certificate of conformity for industrial and food products.
- Certificate of origin.
- Appropriate permissions, if necessary.
- The act of loading.
- Invoices.
Who is responsible for the incorrectly executed document?
The CMR waybill is completely filled by the consignor. It is he who bears responsibility for all losses and expenses that the carrier may incur due to the fact that the paper is filled incorrectly or not in full.
Dangerous Goods Transportation
If the carrier transports goods that have a certain hazard class, then the sender must fill out the CMR waybill form (sixth column). Classification of dangerous goods is carried out in accordance with the European agreement on such cargo transportation. If the cargo has a different category, then the sixth column may contain data on its class in accordance with this classification.
What items are optional?
In accordance with the twenty-eighth paragraph of the instruction governing the completion of the CMR invoice, the columns with numbers 19 and 27-29 must be filled in by the sender and contain information about the tariff used. Such a tariff can be either piecework or contractual. In addition, you must specify the cost of transportation. In determining it, the carrier is guided by such indicators as the tariff distance and prices for additional services.
In the case when the transportation is of a contractual nature, all the columns that we indicated above do not require filling.
What is meant by transport insurance
The CMR bill of lading assumes that the cargo will be insured.
Insurance is an integral part of the activities of companies involved in the transport of goods between countries. What is CMR insurance? If the buyer wants the insurance to have more coverage, then he should coordinate this directly with the shipper. But also he himself can take measures to obtain additional insurance.
In the event that all the papers are filled correctly, then this type of cargo protection will be able to cover the legislative liability that may result from damage or death of the transported. The following risks may be insured:
- Damage to part of the cargo or its complete destruction.
- Damage to the goods that occurred during transportation as a result of the actions of third parties.
- Payment of all kinds of customs payments , various penalties and fines for those violations that are directly related to the implementation of foreign economic operations.
In the process of ensuring transportation on the CMR waybill, the carrier company is responsible for the full safety of the cargo. The goods must be delivered to them at the agreed place of unloading intact. If an unpleasant situation or unforeseen circumstances arises , as a result of which the cargo still suffered, then the full compensation of losses falls on the carrier.
Conclusion
For this reason, most carriers prefer to undergo the cargo carrier liability insurance procedure. Is CMR 100 insurance full insurance? And what does this type of protection mean? Everything is very simple. If the carrier resorts to CMR insurance, then it provides protection for the cargo that it carries. And if he chooses such a type of insurance as CMR 100, then one hundred percent indemnification is meant. That is, the carrier has the right to rely on full compensation for damage to the cargo, if this occurred due to the fault of the carrier.
We have examined in detail the international CMR consignment note. We hope the information was useful to you.