Controlled hemodilution is a transfusion treatment method in which metered dilution of blood with plasma-replacing substances is performed while maintaining the blood volume. Purposefully, this method has been used since the late sixties of the last century. Later, this technique began to be used in intensive care. It allowed to prevent the development of many pathologies, as well as save the lives of patients during surgical interventions.
Phases
Hemodilution is a unique technique to reduce blood viscosity. This method has two phases of operation. The main one is a decrease in viscosity, an increase in the stability of the structure, a decrease in blood flow resistance, and an improvement in fluidity. All this leads to an increase in the useful work of the heart, the intensity of blood circulation, microcirculation improves, the phenomenon of aggregation disappears. As a result of hemodilution, the exchange between the interstitial and vascular sectors of the extracellular space improves, which leads to accelerated elimination of toxins, metabolic products and other substances.
In the second phase of controlled hemodilution, the body is released from toxins and toxins.
Solutions
In the role of solutions for the procedure, various transfusion solutions can be used, including standard blood-substituting agents of a volemic and detoxifying effect. They add additional components: potassium salts, active substances, alkalizing substances, etc. Also, special perfusion cocktails are used for hemodelution.
Features of the procedure
The method of the procedure depends on the initial state of hemodynamics, on the initial volume of blood. If there is no volume deficiency, then a preliminary exfusion of the desired volume is carried out with a simultaneous replacement blood transfusion. With hypovolemia, substitute solutions are transfused without bloodletting. All blood received during the procedure is stored until the next infusion or is used to compensate for blood loss.
The volume of transfused fluid depends on the volume of circulated blood, the level of dilution. It was found that dilution of blood by 25% of the volume value has a positive effect. With a stronger dilution, up to 35-40%, a decrease in the concentration of blood elements is dangerous, but there are situations when these deficiencies are compensated.
After elimination of sensory exposure, the mechanisms of homeostasis are activated. All ingested liquid is excreted from the body naturally with diuresis. Possible release of fluid through the wound. The rate of fluid excretion can be controlled by acting on diuresis. This is used when it is necessary to quickly remove the solution from the body in some other cases.
Principles
Hemodilution is a method that saves patients life. This method has the main provisions:
- Hemodilution is a method that allows you to save blood components, as well as to replenish blood loss by up to 25% and reduce the use of donated blood.
- Normovolemic, hypervolemic hemodilution - methods that contribute to the early restoration of blood counts and the normalization of hemostasis, as well as reducing the risks of developing DIC.
- A medical procedure reduces blood viscosity without impairing oxygen transport. Methods do not affect newborns, reduce the risks of postpartum purulent-septic pathologies.
Hemodilution is a method that improves the rheological properties of blood, accelerates the removal of metabolic products from tissues, freeing the body from toxins. The controlled procedure allows you to change the hematocrit, colloid osmotic pressure. In this case, the composition of the blood components does not change.
The GU method is used for the prevention, treatment of disorders of CO pressure, for detoxification, to compensate for blood loss, with polycythemia. The technique is also used to reduce the amount of donated blood.
Conclusion
Modern medicine makes it possible to minimize the time spent by patients in the hospital. New developments, treatment methods allow you to be discharged from the hospital on the seventh day, even after serious operations. Thanks to hemodilution, the postoperative period is easier, the body is restored faster, and the risks of complications are reduced.