Transportation is regulated by law in almost every country in the world. Russia is no exception. In our country, FZ-220 "On the Organization of Regular Transportations" is in force, which enshrines all the basic norms relating to the presented sphere.
General Provisions
What kind of relationship does FZ-220 regulate? Article No. 1 of the presented regulatory act speaks about the organization, establishment, amendment and cancellation of regular transport by land transport. The law applies to both legal entities and individuals.
Article No. 2 of FZ-220 states the legal basis of the phenomenon in question. So, the most important legal sources here are the Civil Code, directly the Federal Law, as well as some other regulatory acts, which enshrined the rules regarding transportation on a regular basis. All documents drawn up for the planning of scheduled transportation must comply with the Federal Law under consideration.
Federal law enshrines the norm according to which the subjects of the Russian Federation can redistribute powers on the formation and organization of passenger transportation and baggage.
Basic concepts of the Federal Law
What is a regular transport route of interregional type? According to article 3 of the law in question, this is a standard for the implementation of transportation within the borders of more than two regions of Russia. The transportation route may be municipal; here the law speaks of the boundaries of only one subject.
The law establishes the concepts of starting and ending stopping points. In the case of the starting point, we are talking about the very first point from which the transport departs. The final point is the last stop indicated in the schedule and route.
FZ-220 fixes three main types of vehicles: these are trolleybuses, trams and buses. Regular transport is also divided into several types. They may or may not be regulated by tariffs.
About setting and changing routes
According to Article 4 220-FZ of 07/13/2015, interregional type routes can only be established by federal executive bodies. Legal entities or individual entrepreneurs can influence the process of route formation. For example, they have the right to make proposals or to appeal against documents already drawn up. The applicants have only three days to change already made routes. It is also worth noting the ability to change routes for up to 30 days in the event of an emergency.
The compiled route falls into a special register of route transportation, which has a regular basis. The law places special requirements on stopping points. They should be located at the optimal distance, always near the intersection of access roads.
Article 5 of the regulatory act in question describes the preparation of a statement regarding the establishment or change of a route. The application must contain:
- route length;
- data on the legal entity or individual entrepreneur;
- name of the route;
- information about the streets and roads through which the route passes;
- characteristics of vehicles passing along the established route.
Thus, the 220-FZ of 07/13/2015 clearly illustrates the fact that the preparation and change of routes is a rather complex and extensive process.
About authority to establish and change routes
If we are talking about routes within the boundaries of only one urban settlement, then the responsibilities for establishing, liquidating or changing the route are assigned to the local self-government body. The same applies to regulated tariffs, as well as routes passing through more than two settlements within the same district of the municipal level.
If we are talking about cities of federal significance, of which there are currently three, then the establishment, modification and cancellation of transport routes are the responsibility of the executive authorities of the relevant entities. Routes of the same interregional level are formed by the executive bodies of those entities through which the route runs.
About the route registry
All information on the organization of passenger transportation should be contained in special state registers. Article No. 25 of Law 220 (Federal Law "On the Organization of Transportations") states that such registers must be maintained by the regions. At the federal level, there is a single registry containing data on the largest shipments. The registry is maintained by the regional executive authorities.
What exactly should be included in the registry? This is what article No. 26220- On Transport indicates:
- name of the route;
- Route Registration Number
- serial number of the route;
- information about stopping points of an intermediate type;
- route length;
- type of transportation having a regular basis;
- start and end date of carriage;
- an approximate schedule for each stop point;
- types of vehicles operated on the specified route;
- other requirements enshrined in FZ-220.
About requirements for transport infrastructure facilities
Stopping points are immutable infrastructure of the transport type. When is stopping allowed? This is what article No. 30 of Federal Law No. 220 indicates:
- at the entrance to the bus station or bus station;
- in the settlement, if the stopping point, which is not a bus station or bus station, is within its borders.
All stopping points must be registered.
Article 33 describes parking for vehicles. According to the law, from 22 pm to 6 am they must be carried out in special parking lots that fully comply with the requirements of the law. Parking locations are also objects of transport infrastructure, and therefore information about them is included in the corresponding register.
What is forbidden to do to the owner of the transport infrastructure object? Article 34 of the law in question speaks of the impossibility of denying the use of services to persons entitled to carry out transportation, of a ban on charging for the use of elements of road construction, as well as on the imposition of paid services in which drivers may not be interested.
On conducting state inspections
What powers do the state control authorities have in the field of regular transportation? Article No. 35 FZ-220 of 07/13/2015 (with comments from the same year) states the need for the relevant authorities to check:
- compliance with the terms of the contract by individual entrepreneurs, legal entities or parties to a simple partnership, as well as contract requirements - at the municipal or federal level;
- the driver’s availability of a route map and compliance with the specified technical characteristics of the vehicle.
The responsibilities of drivers include the quality of regular transportation, as well as the presentation at the request of the appropriate authorities of all necessary documentation, including a route map.
Making report
Legal entities or individual entrepreneurs who are part of the transport infrastructure system are obliged to send quarterly reports on the implementation of transportation on a regular basis to the executive authorities in a timely manner. The form and terms of such reports are established by the government bodies themselves.
It is also worth noting that the transport control authorities are obliged to timely inform the federal authorities about the following incidents:
- suspension or revocation of a transportation license;
- the entry into force of a decision on the liquidation of a separate stopping point;
- holding a legal entity or individual entrepreneur accountable.
Thus, the normative act under consideration establishes a rather complex, but very effective and efficient system of transportation.