Man first became acquainted with a magnet in antiquity. However, very quickly this natural stone ceased to satisfy the needs of people. It was then that the technology for manufacturing magnets was developed. Of course, a lot of time has passed since then. The technology has changed significantly, and now it is possible to make a magnet at home. To do this, you do not need to have special skills and knowledge. It is enough to have at hand all the necessary materials and tools. So, the manufacture of the magnet is as follows.
Soft magnetic materials
All materials capable of magnetization can be divided into soft and magnetically hard. There is a significant difference between them. So, soft magnetic materials retain magnetic properties for long.
You can conduct an experiment: swipe a few times on a strong magnet with iron blocks. As a result, the material will acquire the ability to attract other metal objects. However, the manufacture of a magnet constantly possessing these abilities is impossible in this case.
Hard magnetic materials
Such materials are obtained by magnetizing a regular piece of iron. In this case, the properties are saved much longer. However, they completely disappear when the object hits a fairly hard surface. Also, the magnetic properties are destroyed if the material is heated to 60 degrees.
What is needed
Making magnets with your own hands will not take much time and will not require special expenses. To do this, you need:
- screwdriver;
- oiled paper;
- fuse;
- switch;
- copper wire;
- strongest permanent magnet.
Method one
This method is considered the simplest. It is enough to hold a magnetized object several times in one direction through a permanent strong magnet. That's all. However, it should be noted that magnets made by this method hold the magnetic field for a short time and very quickly lose their properties. Such products are suitable only for simple manipulations. For example, such a magnet can help to remove a fallen needle from the gap or to tighten the bolts, but nothing more. Therefore, this method should not be seriously considered.
Second way
The manufacture of permanent magnets can be carried out in another way. This will require a battery. With its help, you can magnetize any material suitable for this. This is done quite simply and does not require special tools. A magnet is attached to a metal object by an electromagnet.
Let's look at an example with a screwdriver. First, wrap the tool with an insulator, and then wind about 300 turns of wire. It is better to use the one used for the manufacture of transformers. After that, the wire must be connected to the accumulator or battery, preferably 5-12 volts. As a result of such manipulations, the electromagnetic field will magnetize the screwdriver.
Third way
Making a magnet may not be easy. Since the above methods do not guarantee that the properties will be maintained for a long time. A stronger magnet can be created using an inductor coil. The metal billet should be small, as it will need to be placed inside the coil. After that, you should perform exactly the same procedure as indicated in the previous method. The only difference is that you need to make twice as many turns of wire, that is 600. Only in this case can you get a good magnet.
The fourth way
The manufacture of a magnet in this case involves the use of current from the mains. This method is quite dangerous, so all manipulations should be performed carefully and carefully. We need a fuse, without which nothing will work. It must be connected in series with the inductor coil, inside of which there is a metal billet.
Of course, when a similar design is included in the network, the fuse will burn. However, in this short period of time, the metal blank will have time to charge, since in this case a sufficiently strong electromagnetic field is created. Here it is worth considering one nuance: the higher the current strength, the stronger the magnet will turn out. For winding the coil, use only copper wire.
Finally
The manufacture of permanent magnets at home is a fairly simple process. However, when using certain schemes, care must be taken.
The most powerful of the permanent magnets is neodymium. It is possible to make it at home, however, this requires a workpiece of rare-earth metal - neodymium. In addition, an alloy of boron and iron is used. Such a preform is magnetized in a magnetic field. It is worth noting that such a product has tremendous power and loses only 1 percent of its properties over a hundred years.