Kidney diseases are often asymptomatic and are often detected by changes in urinalysis. Nephrology studies kidney disease . In recent years, it has significantly outpaced other disciplines, such as cardiology, gastroenterology, and others. Nephrologists have introduced modern methods of treating kidney diseases and chronic renal failure, hemodialysis, and kidney transplantation. A jump in the development of nephrology was made by a kidney biopsy. With its help, it became possible to make a diagnosis after studying the structure of the pathology of renal tissue.
Kidney diseases cannot be studied without systematizing them in groups. The current classification includes glomerulopathy (glomerulonephritis, nephrosis and amyloidosis), tubulointerstitial nephritis (pyelonephritis, hereditary tubulopathy), concomitant kidney disease (amyloidosis, kidney damage in diabetes, gout, myeloma nephropathy), vascular disease (atherosclerosis, arteriosis) .). Also, diseases are divided into two large groups. One group includes kidney disease with bilateral organ damage. In this case, pathological changes occur throughout the body. This group includes nephritis, nephrosclerosis. The second group of diseases includes pathological processes in which only one kidney is affected and its excretory function does not suffer much. These include various nephritis - inflammation of the tissue of the organ, which is acute and chronic.
The most common kidney disease
Glomerulonephritis, is an immunoallergic lesion of the kidneys, mainly their vessels. It is acute or chronic. More often develops after suffering tonsillitis, flu, scarlet fever. Streptococcus is often involved in the onset of the disease, hypothermia, malfunctions in the immune system can be a provoking factor. Usually, after an infection, about a month there is a latent period in which there is a change in the reactivity of the body, the formation of antibodies to the pathogen. These immune complexes are deposited on the membrane of the glomerular vessels, causing vasculitis. The disease has three main symptoms: the appearance of edema, increased pressure and urinary syndrome. With urine, there is a loss of protein and red blood cells.
Pyelonephritis - the presence of infection in the renal parenchyma, pelvis. The disease can be acute and chronic in nature. The cause of pyelonephritis is often Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus. The causative agent penetrates through the blood or lymph, as well as in the ascending pathway with bladder infections. Urinary retention in adenoma, tumors, and kidney stones contributes to the disease. Pyelonephritis is interstitial, serous and purulent. This disease is characterized by high temperature, pain in the kidneys, dysuric phenomena, intoxication, changes in the urine.
Polycystic kidney disease - a disease that is often inherited, is congenital. With it, cysts form in the kidneys, which can gradually increase. Cysts can be single and multiple. Along with the kidneys, cysts can also appear in the liver. Large cysts can squeeze the parenchyma, suppurate and rupture, leading to bleeding. At first, the disease is asymptomatic for a long time, and the detection of a cyst is an accidental find. With extensive cystic lesions, malaise, headaches, lower back heaviness, arterial hypertension, and renal failure appear.
Kidney stone disease, characterized by stone formation in the kidneys. The reason for this is a disturbed exchange of phosphorus and calcium, oxalic acid. The disease can be detected by chance, during examination or with the appearance of lower back pain or renal colic. For the height of the disease is characterized by severe pain in the lower back, along the ureters, lower abdomen. There may be dysuric phenomena, hematuria, fever. The pain intensifies with shaking, walking.
Prevention of kidney disease.
Many kidney diseases are a complication of infectious and viral diseases (tonsillitis, flu, etc.). Therefore, it is important to treat the infection to the end, to observe bed rest in case of illness, and not to supercool. After the infection, heavy loads are contraindicated.
It is important to control blood pressure, timely treat diseases of internal organs. For the prevention of stone formation, proper nutrition, a diet with a restriction of certain foods, and adequate fluid intake are necessary. Once a year, blood and urine tests must be taken.
With existing kidney diseases, it is important that they do not become chronic kidney diseases, the treatment of which can be problematic.
Treatment of kidney diseases is prescribed by a nephrologist. Prescribed drugs depend on the disease. For inflammatory lesions, antibacterial drugs, uroantiseptics, herbal medicine, and disaggregants are used. In the treatment of an attack of colic, painkillers, antispasmodic drugs, and antibiotics are used. Treatment of glomerulonephritis involves a complex of drugs that suppress the activity and pathological effects of immune complexes, normalize blood pressure, prevent anemia, and restore diuresis.