Blood pressure in a person by age: norm, possible pathologies, their causes and correction by treatment

Arterial pressure is the force with which blood acts on the walls of arteries, capillaries and veins, thus moving throughout the vascular system in the human body. For some reason, abnormalities in human blood pressure may occur. It should also be noted that these indicators will differ depending on the age of the patient. But what indicators will be "non-hazardous"? The norm of human pressure by age can be found in this article.

general information

Vascular tone, the amount of blood that is ejected from the heart at a time, the frequency of contraction by this organ, takes part in the formation of pressure. Deviations in the function of the cardiovascular system can provoke a decrease or increase in blood pressure parameters. During pressure measurement, two main parameters apply:

1. Systolic pressure that occurs during contraction of the cardiac left ventricle.

2. Diastolic pressure, which is measured by relaxing the muscles of the heart.

Systolic pressure will indicate normal heart function. And diastolic indicates the ability to relax and tension the walls of blood vessels.

Human pressure by age

As mentioned earlier, the indicator in people will be different depending on their age. The blood pressure norm is average, it is optimal for healthy middle-aged patients. It should be noted that individual deviations from this norm can be observed, which can be about 10 mmHg. Such a deviation will not be considered a pathology. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that not only the pressure of a person by age, but also at different times of the day will be different. This indicator may vary depending on:

1. Malnutrition or overeating.

2. The state of the nervous system.

3. Drinking alcohol, coffee and tea.

4. Weather changes.

5. Sufficiency of sleep and daily routine.

6. Emotional state.

Taking into account the physiological characteristics of the human body, it is recommended to measure pressure in adults and in children at approximately the same time of the day, so that the result will produce the most accurate cyclic state of the cardiovascular system.

Norm table

So, let's take a closer look at the table of human pressure by age. The indicators are presented for women and men separately.

Blood pressure norm by weight

Another important nuance that is worth paying attention to. There is a norm of human pressure by age and weight. But how to correctly calculate this indicator, given its weight data? To do this, use the formula:

1. Upper = 109 + (0.5 x number of years) + (0.1 x weight in kg).

2. Lower = 63 + (0.1 x number of years) + (0.15 x weight in kg).

In young children

The rate of blood pressure in people will vary depending on age, as you already understood. This indicator should be considered in more detail in newborns. In the table of the norms of human pressure by age, you can see that in children whose age is from 1 year to 10 years, the indicator is considered “non-hazardous” 112/70 mm Hg. - for boys. As well as 100/70 mm Hg - for girls.

As for children under 1 year old, the norm will be 70/50 mm Hg. However, as the child develops and grows, this indicator will rise from 90/60 to 100/70 mm. It should be noted that the level of blood pressure will also differ from the norm depending on some factors. These factors include:

1. The term of birth of the child. Premature babies often have hypotension.

2. Baby activity. The most active child will have daytime fluctuations in blood pressure of approximately 25 mm.

3. The growth of the baby. The tallest children will have the highest blood pressure values.

4. Gender In girls in childhood, rates will be higher than in the stronger sex.

In adolescents

So, we continue to get acquainted in more detail with the norm of human pressure by age. As for adolescents, the following will be considered a "non-hazardous" indicator: the top should be from 110 to 136 mm, and the bottom should be from 70 to 86 mm. If changes in blood pressure are noticed, then most often this is a consequence of a hormonal malfunction in the body, as well as an unstable emotional state. As a rule, this happens with children aged 12 to 16 years.

In adults

What else can be said about normal human pressure over the years? With age, as you already understood, indicators change. Depending on the characteristics of the body in an adult, the indicator can range from 110/80 to 130/100 mm. Hg. Art. As for the elderly, their norm increases by about 20 units. In this case, you should pay attention to the fact that in men this indicator will be slightly higher than in the fair sex. One of the main causes of a chronic increase in indicators is a thickening and increased stiffness of the walls of the vessels. In addition, the following pathologies will be accompanying factors in changing a person’s normal pressure over the years, with age:

1. Violation of the mechanisms that regulate the heartbeat: the pacemaker, as well as the neural network.

2. The defect in the structure of blood vessels and heart. Such a defect can be either congenital or acquired, for example, with vascular thrombosis or with atherosclerosis.

3. Violation of the structure of the vascular walls. Typically, this is observed in diabetes, gout and atherosclerosis. Increase or decrease in vascular tone.

4. Poor elasticity of the vascular walls.

5. Hormonal disorders that often occur with diseases of the adrenal gland, thyroid gland, as well as the pituitary gland.

Reasons for the increase

Above, you familiarized yourself with normal indicators of human pressure and heart rate by age. However, it should be noted that for some reason an increase may be observed. Hypertension, or arterial hypertension, is a chronic disease during which pressure increases every day, regardless of the patient’s emotional state. There are two types of this disease: primary, as well as secondary hypertension. Let's consider them separately.

Primary hypertension

Primary hypertension is high blood pressure, which occurs in almost all cases in those people who have circulatory problems. It is believed that the following factors contribute to the development of such primary hypertension:

1. Hereditary predisposition.

2. The age of the patient. As a rule, in patients whose age is more than 40 years, the average parameter grows by about 3 mm every year.

3. Bad habits, which include alcohol and smoking, which provoke vascular spasms, reduce the elasticity of arterial walls, and also increase the likelihood of a stroke.

4. Improper nutrition. In particular, this should include the abuse of salt, coffee, as well as products that contain hydrogenated fats in their composition.

5. Obesity. If the patient has a body mass index of more than 25, then he has an increased risk of developing primary type hypertension.

6. Poor physical activity. The fact is that the lack of regular physical activity reduces the adaptive ability of the human body to power and emotional stress.

7. Lack of sleep. The likelihood of hypertension will increase if you constantly sleep less than 6 hours a day.

8. Excessive emotionality, as well as prolonged stress.

Secondary hypertension

This form of the disease occurs in 10% of patients, while it is a consequence of some common ailments. The most common causes of high blood pressure in secondary hypertension are as follows:

1. Pathology of the renal arteries or kidneys. These include atherosclerosis of the renal arteries, chronic glomerulonephritis, as well as fibromuscular dysplasia.

2. Endocrine ailments, for example, hyperparathyroidism, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly.

3. Damage to the brain or spinal cord, for example, during trauma, or in case of encephalitis.

In some cases, medications cause secondary hypertension, for example, antidepressants, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and hormonal contraceptives.

Symptoms of Enhancement

And what will be the symptoms of a deviation from the norm of pressure in a person by age? Women and men in this case may not notice any signs of hypertension for a long time. However, the condition of the heart, brain, kidneys, blood vessels, and eyes begins to deteriorate. Symptoms of hypertension in the most advanced stages will be as follows:

1. Noise in ears.

2. Headache.

3. Dizziness.

4. Flies before your eyes.

5. Cardiopalmus.

6. Numbness of the fingers.

High blood pressure can be complicated by a hypertensive crisis, which is a very dangerous condition for health, especially for the elderly. This disease is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, a sharp jump in pressure, dizziness, sweating, as well as disturbances in the work of the heart.

Reasons for the decline

If the normal pressure in a person often changes to the least side by age, then it is customary to talk about hypotension. Also, this disease is often called arterial hypotension. What will be the parameters of hypotension? To what extent should deviations from the norm of pressure in a person be observed by age? In men with hypotension, the indicator will be below 100/70, and in the fair sex it will be less than 95/60. It is also accepted to distinguish between physiological and pathological hypotension.

This condition will be considered normal pressure in a person by age under one condition. If he has a genetic predisposition. In addition, a similar symptom will be considered the absolute norm for those people who live in high altitude areas. Representatives of certain professions with high physical exertion will also constantly have low blood pressure. This should include athletes, ballerinas.

As a chronic disease, hypertension occurs in patients as a result of a pathological process in the body. In this case, hypertension will be secondary. As for primary hypotension, in this case it will act as an independent disease. What are the causes of abnormal pressure in an adult by age? These include:

1. Psycho-emotional overstrain, vulnerability.

2. Neurocirculatory dystonia of a hypotonic type.

3. Asthenic physique.

4. Hypotheriosis.

5. Mitral stenosis.

6. Deficiency in the body of B vitamins.

7. Iron-deficiency anemia.

Symptoms of Hypotension

Most of the symptoms of hypertension are confused by many with symptoms of fatigue, lack of sleep, and nervous strain. Reduced blood pressure of a person by age will manifest itself with the following symptoms:

1. Headache.

2. Lethargy, drowsiness, lethargy.

3. Lack of vigor after sleep.

4. Frequent yawning.

A tendency to develop hypertension occurs in those people who are most sensitive to changes in atmospheric pressure, and also prone to fainting.

Measurement rules

Now you know what pressure a person should have by age. However, it is necessary to learn how to measure this indicator correctly. At home, pressure measurement is carried out by the sound method using a semi-automatic, automatic or mechanical tonometer.

If you use a mechanical device, the measurement principle will be to inject air into a special compression cuff, after which it is necessary to observe the intensity of the sound of the artery using a lightoscope.

As for the semi-automatic blood pressure monitor, it has a special screen where the parameters are displayed in numbers, while the compression cuff will be manually filled with air.

Automatic blood pressure monitors do not require any additional actions, because air injection, as well as pressure measurement, will occur after the device is turned on.

Before proceeding to the measurement of pressure, it is necessary to adhere to some rules that will not differ depending on the use of a particular type of tonometer. These rules are as follows:

1. Before the measurement procedure, in no case should you drink strong tea and coffee, smoke, or use vasoconstrictor drops.

2. For 5 minutes before the measurement should be in a calm state.

3. The procedure is carried out in a sitting position, while the back should rest on the back of the chair, and the legs should be extended.

4. The cuff is worn on the forearm in a place that is parallel to the heart. The other hand should be put on the table, palm up.

The next measurement is carried out after 3 minutes to confirm the first result.