The Kolomna diesel locomotive plant began production of the TEP70 diesel locomotive in the seventies of the last century. Prior to this, the basic basis for the modification of TEP60 was used. The update is associated with increased requirements for more power and speed. The plant, which focuses on the development of diesel locomotives and turbine analogues, experimented with two-section variations, but their maintenance and operation turned out to be unprofitable. Consider the characteristics and features that the locomotive TEP70, designed for passenger traffic, as well as its modifications.
History of creation
For the design features and design of the TEP70 diesel locomotive, a group of engineers headed by Yu. Khlebnikov was responsible. The first car was built in the summer of 1973. The locomotive received index 0001. In the next two years, versions 0002, 0003, 0004 were produced. A test batch of diesel locomotives was sent to sections of the Belarusian Railway. There they underwent field testing. In 1977-78, the next generation of locomotives was published under the numbers 0005, 0006, 0007.
The car body is made of low alloy steel and aluminum alloy. Its design is truss-diagonal, bearing type. The emphasis of the housing on the working trolleys is carried out through a pair of pendulum central bearings with polymer shock absorbers and four spring screw cylinders on the sides. The diameter of the wheelset has become larger than its predecessor, and amounted to 1220 millimeters in a circle.
Development
The passenger locomotive TEP70 differed from previous models in design features and new capabilities of the power unit. It is customary to subdivide the considered locomotives into the following categories:
- Prototypes under the index 0001-0007.
- Series models (0008-0185). They received a vertical arrangement of light elements and riveted bodywork. Initially, the windshield was not equipped with a vertical jumper, it consisted of two parts glued together. After the thirtieth series, this design was abandoned, because the node, giving a crack, lost its tightness.
- The following modifications are 0186-0576. This diesel locomotive TEP70 was equipped with horizontal lights, as well as a mixed connection of body panels.
Prior to the series at number 300, the locomotives in question were equipped with sockets for intersectional connections. In the future, such nodes were not mounted, since they no longer needed. As the last example of operation, we can cite the passenger diesel locomotive on the Southern Railway (a section in the Poltava region between Kiev and Kharkov). This was due to the lack of electrification of the stage at that time.
Design features
The machine in question has great similarities with its predecessor (TEP60). The locomotive is equipped with a supporting body, a three-axle trolley and a frame support drive. In the arrangement there is an Alstom type system, which includes a hollow shaft that rigidly aggregates with the power plant, its internal part passes through the axis of the wheelset, and the wheels themselves interact with each other through rubber and metal leashes.
The work of the locomotive driver of this series includes the maintenance and inspection of a pair of fans of the refrigeration device. The locomotive differs from previous models in the presence of an electric transmission and a more powerful diesel engine. It is equipped with two working cycles, a large number of cylinders and an intermediate cooling system. Engine power has grown to 4 thousand horsepower, and the design of the main elements is similar to the diesel locomotives 2TE-116 and TEM7.
The 5-D-49 diesel engine activates a pair of oil and water pumps. They are divided into the first and second circuit, and are also equipped with additional units with a generator and exciter of a synchronous type. The transmission of the main moment is carried out through an elastic coupling and stator stars of the generator. The voltage in the working circuit is 110 volts, the AC rectification is carried out by an adjustable exciter. The air-blast (excitation unit), which aggregates with the rotor part, acts as a control unit.
Other equipment
The design of the TEP70 diesel locomotive provides for an alternating voltage generator with a rectifier. The device is made of diodes, six traction motors connected in parallel. Voltage is supplied through train contactors. In addition, the power circuit is equipped with a pneumatic reverser, attenuating contacts, which makes it possible to obtain two positions to reduce excitation.
The reverse system of the TEP70 diesel locomotive is under the control of the driver, and the other contactors are activated by an automatic system using a transitional step relay. The electronic excitation unit controls the voltage of the traction generator, the load of the diesel unit. This is possible thanks to inductive indicators that track a number of additional parameters.
Additional systems
Auxiliary units include the installation of a central air supply, a compressor device, a pair of refrigeration fans. The ventilation system includes an axial propeller equipped with fixed blade-type guides and straightening elements. The system provides air to six traction engines. The motor compressor of the PK-5.25 C type has a rotation speed of 1450 rpm, is mounted on the analogs of TGM-6, TEM7 and DE-1. On the machine in question, it is equipped with an electric drive.
This motor is powered by a starter generator, which has a nominal voltage of 110 V. The water in the system is cooled by passing through a refrigerator with fans. Propeller units rotate with nine-cylinder hydraulic motors. They feed on low viscosity oil, which is supplied under a pressure of 220 kg / sq. see Required conditions are created by the action of a pair of hydraulic pumps. This design is almost identical to the TEP60 system.
Workplace Description
The electric locomotive TEP70 is equipped with a cab, which differs significantly from the predecessor's cab. The hand brake is located on the rear wall, which allows you to equip a full-fledged remote in the form of a table having a special protrusion for mounting the spotlight box. The controller with the helm is located directly in front of the driver. This allows two-handed operation.
The engine compartment of the locomotive is quite spacious, it has a high-voltage chamber behind the first cab, as well as a VU, VV, TsVS, diesel engine and traction generator. On the back of the diesel engine, installation of pneumatic and hydraulic pumps is provided.
The refrigeration device includes a compressor motor, oil filter elements, a foaming agent, and an oil pump. During the operation of the system, air is drawn in by a diesel engine through the blinds provided in the upper part of the cab. It is fed through mesh cassettes, the lower part of which is immersed in an oil bath, and the main air flow is on top. Correct operation of the cells provides a pneumatic unit that changes the angle by 45 degrees in one move. When the compressor motor is turned on, the system is activated automatically.
Characteristics of the diesel locomotive TEP70
Below are the main parameters of the technical plan:
- Gross curb weight - 135 tons.
- The power of the rheostatic brake is 3200 kW.
- The axial load on the rails is 21 tons.
- Length - 21.7 m.
- Diesel locomotive TEP70 - 2A-5D-49 with a capacity of 4 thousand horsepower with electric AC / DC transmission.
- Traction when moving from a standstill - 280 kN.
- Cruising speed - 50 km / h.
- The size of the wheels is 1.22 m in diameter.
- The total thrust at a speed of 120 km / h is 68 kN (17,000 kg).
Modifications
Kolomna Locomotive Plant has released several advanced variations of the locomotive in question. Among them: TEP70U and TEP70BS. They differ from the basic model of the machine by an improved body shape, equipment of a microprocessor diagnostic unit, placement of sand bins and some small components.
70U and BS differ in that the last sample is provided with electric heating of the composition. It is used in certain areas where special choke transformers are provided, which allow the use of high current without affecting the insulating joints of the rails.
Based on TEP70, a cargo analogue of 2TE70 was created. It is equipped with a pair of six-axle sections. All major nodes are unified with passenger options. The main purpose is the movement of freight trains weighing up to 60 thousand tons. The weight of the TEP70 diesel locomotive in this design is twice the figure that the single-section version has. The presentation of the locomotive of this series took place in July 2004. He successfully passed all the tests. For 2010, 12 copies of this direction were made.
Exploitation
The considered locomotives are present in almost all divisions of Russian Railways, as well as in the depot of neighboring countries. The manufacturer from 1973 to 1985 produced about three dozen diesel locomotives of this type. Active production of cars was established in 1985. Until 2006, over 570 units rolled off the assembly line.
The work of the locomotive driver on an improved modification has been greatly simplified and optimized, thanks to the thoughtful placement of brake and control devices. The instability of production is largely due to economic problems and the electrification of most sites. Nevertheless, retirement of obsolete models gave an impetus to an increase in the production of TEP70.
Interesting Facts
The first production vehicles arrived in Tashkent, as well as on the October and South railway. Currently, these locomotives, after repeatedly changing their place of residence, function fully in Poltava, Romny, Osnov and Lozova (South Railway). The oldest copy is in the depot of the city of Yelets.
Updated versions of the locomotive were distributed throughout Russia and the CIS countries. The change in the predecessor is due to several reasons. Firstly, the battery for the TEP70 diesel locomotive has a longer working life. Secondly, the diesel engine has become more powerful and productive. In addition, the external and internal design has become much more attractive.
Some locomotives are operated on Lithuanian railways. Modifications 0264 and 0186 were defeated in a crash near Tambov (2009). The car in question was actively used in Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan.
Fuel system operation
Repair of diesel locomotives of the TEP70 series often concerns a diesel installation. Her job is to supply fuel from the fuel tank through a special pipe through a coarse filter. Further, fuel bypasses the pump and is fed through a fine filter element to the manifold of fuel pumps of the power plant. Then the pumps direct the mixture to the nozzles. For the correct operation of the unit, the temperature of the diesel fuel in the tank should be at least 30 degrees Celsius.
To ensure the normal operation of the unit, an intensive circulation of fuel is provided, which allows you to drive away a larger volume of liquid. The remaining fuel is poured into a special heater, and then into the tank. Most of the working mixture warms up, thanks to a similar design scheme.
Model TEP70 BS and TEP70-U
The letter designation is assigned to the locomotive in honor of the Hero of Socialist Labor Boris Salambekov. By 2015, 281 diesel locomotives of this category were produced. In 2004, the machine was assigned the TEP70-BS-001 index. This sample is registered in the PM-14 October Railway. His tests were carried out not only individually, but also as part of the Sapsan high-speed trains. In 2010, the model was decommissioned, located at the base in Gatchina and serves as a reserve of spare parts for existing models. Further decommissioning is planned.
26 TEP70-U type locomotives were produced (as of 2011). All cars are registered on the Northern Railway (depot Voinovka, TCHE-7). Model number 014 was decommissioned after a fire that occurred in the diesel compartment (2007). Then the locomotive underwent a major overhaul and was returned to the residence depot.
Repair of diesel locomotives
In the post-Soviet space, repair of the locomotives in question is carried out at several plants:
- Repair plant in Poltava.
- Locomotive repair plant in Dauggalpils.
- Ussuri factory.
- Voronezh specialized plant.
It is noteworthy that this locomotive received a number of original nicknames. Among them:
- Slippers.
- "Sarcophagus" (due to the peculiarities of the roof structure).
- "Brokeback" (for the same reason).
- "Brick".
- "Coffin" and "Besik."
Export
The TEP70 diesel locomotive in various modifications was supplied to the SMNG countries. For example, 26 units are registered in Belarus, the railway of Uzbekistan acquired 10 cars. Lithuania in 2006 bought 4 copies. There are these locomotives in Ukraine.
Most of the locomotives produced were operated in Russia. At the same time, the locomotive is able to be used in any climatic regions, which made it more popular than TEP-60. In addition, this machine has become aesthetically better, more powerful and more convenient.
Total
The TEP70 diesel locomotive is a worthy representative of the domestic diesel equipment used on the railway. The range includes both passenger variations and more powerful cargo counterparts. For its time, the locomotive became popular not only in Russia, but also in neighboring countries. At the same time, it continues to be operated until now, despite its considerable age.