What vaccinations are given at age 14? This question interests many parents. The fact is that most of them are done to very young children. With the help of a vaccine, they develop immunity to diseases, since vaccination is nothing but the introduction of inactivated pathogens into the body. But over time, it decreases, this occurs as a result of a decrease in the number of antibodies in the body, which increases the likelihood of a disease. Therefore, at 14 years of age, a booster vaccination is carried out for a number of dangerous diseases.
What vaccinations do in 14 years
In any civilized country, a vaccination schedule is developed and approved. So, according to him, at the age of 14, revaccination is carried out for the following diseases:
- Tetanus, diphtheria.
- Tuberculosis.
In Russia, revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus is considered a planned vaccination . DTP at 14 years old is not done, since the component against whooping cough, which is part of it at this age, is not relevant. Against tuberculosis, the vaccine is given only when it was not done before the age of 7 years.
Vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria
Mandatory vaccinations at age 14 include the ADSM vaccine. The first three letters are deciphered as adsorbed-diphtheria-tetanus, the letter M indicates small doses. Correct spelling of ADS-m. In other words, it is an incomplete analogue of DTP vaccination (adsorbed-pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus). This vaccine is given to young children under the age of four. Next at 6-7 years. Then at 14 years old a vaccine called ADSM. The fact that this is revaccination is indicated by small doses, which are designed only to activate the immune system and extend its duration.
Why is the antitussis component not included in ADSM? The fact is that whooping cough is only up to 4 years old. Therefore, small children under 4 years of age are vaccinated against whooping cough. This disease in young children up to a year in most cases causes a fatal outcome due to the fulminant course, in which there is a spasm of the respiratory muscles, leading to respiratory arrest. So what kind of vaccinations do they do at age 14? Against tetanus and diphtheria.
In cases of pertussis in children under one year old, in the overwhelming majority of cases urgent resuscitation is necessary, but, as practice shows, the majority of children with them die. Dangers in the form of this disease are children up to 4 years old. After 5 years, whooping cough is accompanied by a prolonged severe cough, but does not pose such a danger. So, that ADSM is a re-vaccination of DTP, containing small doses of its constituent components, without pertussis.
Who is vaccinated with ADSM?
If there are no contraindications, adults and children are vaccinated according to the schedule approved by the Russian Ministry of Health. The age of 14-16 years is not chosen by chance. The fact is that the next after DTP vaccination with ADF must be done in 8-10 years. And since DTP is carried out up to a year, and the first revaccination is 6 years before school, the next revaccination period is respectively 14-16 years. After ten years, immunity decreases again, so the next must be done at 26 years old and so on. The ADSM vaccine is a DTP vaccine that contains half the dose of tetanus and diphtheria components, which is designed to only activate immunity.
Revaccination ADSM R-2
The entry in the ADSM R-2 vaccination card means that the vaccination is carried out for the second time, that it is planned. Such a vaccine is given at the age of 6 to 7 years. This is no coincidence, since at this age children begin to attend school. They have a lot of emotional and physical stress, which weakens the immune system. It needs to be supported, since the accumulation of a large number of children can lead to outbreaks of epidemics. Weakened immunity does not always cope with the disease.
Therefore, the vaccination schedule is designed in such a way that re-vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria is done at the age of 6 to 7 years. In the ADSM R-2, the component of pertussis is no longer introduced, since at this age it does not pose an increased risk compared with diphtheria and tetanus. Further vaccinations are done at 14 years old. What factors contribute to this, we consider below.
Revaccination ADSM R-3
This is the third ADSM vaccination, which must be performed necessarily from 14 to 16 years. Its value is quite large. Although only 8-10 years have passed since the first revaccination, nevertheless, it should be done. This is necessary for the following reasons:
- This age is the time of puberty in adolescents when their body undergoes hormonal restructuring. This takes a large amount of energy, which reduces immunity. It was at this time that the majority of adolescents graduated from school, entered colleges and institutes. Moral and physical stress increases many times, which leads to a weakening of immunity. The body becomes available for any type of infection, including a dangerous one, such as tetanus and diphtheria.
- In favor of routine vaccinations at the age of 14, the fact that the majority of girls have the childbearing age is 18-26 years old. We will talk about vaccinations and pregnancy below.
Vaccination, although ADSM is not considered a complex vaccine, is a rather painful process that may be accompanied by side effects. A 14-year-old vaccine is given under the scapula or in the upper arm.
Manufacturers
Today, the domestic vaccine ADSM and an imported analogue, which is called "Imovax D.T. Adult," are used. As practice shows, it rarely causes side effects in the form of a negative reaction of the body to its introduction. In addition, if ADSM contains two vaccination components, then there are one-component: AD - anti-diphtheria and AS - anti-tetanus vaccine.
What is better ADSM or AD and AC
The ADSM vaccine is considered to be bivalent, as it contains two anti-infective components at once. A vaccine that contains one infectious component, such as AB, is considered monovalent. Most parents suggest that they are better than bivalent, explaining this as a lower burden on the body. Such reasoning is caused by deep misconceptions, since for the immune system one or more types of antigen has no effect on the body. But their quantitative component has.
When creating bivalent vaccines, one important condition must be observed - the high purity of the biological components of the drug. Therefore, vaccination of adolescents is carried out with such a drug. This suggests that the bivalent vaccine is better purified than monovalent. It is safe to say that the reaction of the body to its introduction will be calmer and not have side effects.
The second important advantage of bivalent vaccines over monovalent ones is the content of preservatives and other substances in the vaccine, which in no way can be useful for the body. Naturally, in one injection of a bivalent vaccine, they will be contained less than with two or three injections of monovalent drugs. One injection is always better than two or three. Therefore, the advantage of such vaccines is obvious. In most developed European countries, preference is given to them. But one minus should be noted, they are all obtained through genetic engineering technologies.
Can I do without ADSM vaccination?
In Russia, vaccination and revaccination are carried out according to vaccination schedules and are recommended by the Ministry of Health. Diseases of diphtheria and tetanus are very dangerous for humans, especially for the children's body. According to statistics, up to 56% of cases with this disease died from tetanus vaccination against diphtheria, and up to 80% from tetanus. After the introduction of mandatory vaccination, the results were so amazing that doctors in some countries, such as the United States, felt that the disease was completely eradicated. Vaccinations against tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough have been rejected everywhere.
But the result was not long in coming, after 2 years there were outbreaks of these diseases with fatal outcomes, which forced doctors to reconsider their attitude to vaccination. Of course, with all the thoroughness of the manufacture of drugs, there are cases of negative effects of drugs on humans. But in percentage terms, the results of the negative impact of the vaccine and the consequences of the disease itself are not comparable. Another factor: vaccination at the age of 14 under the scapula is carried out with the AKDM vaccine, which contains diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. In the vast majority of cases, it is easily tolerated by the body.
ADSM vaccination during pregnancy
In Russia, any vaccinations during pregnancy are prohibited. If young parents are planning to have a baby and the vaccination period is nearing, then it is necessary to get vaccinated and after a month to stop being protected. This will give full confidence that the vaccine will not affect the fetus.
If a woman has had a planned revaccination and after that she finds out that she was pregnant during her, then you should not panic, you need to go to the gynecologist’s appointment, tell about everything and observe the development of the fetus. If any changes occur, then terminate the pregnancy. But as long-term practice shows, the ADSM vaccine does not affect the fetus.
How does the ADSM vaccine work?
It refers to adsorbed, in which immunobiological particles are superimposed on the sorbent. This ensures a gradual flow into the blood of the injected drug, which allows the formation of immunity by the body. If the entire dose immediately enters the bloodstream, then it will simply be destroyed by immunity. That is, the vaccine will not fulfill its mission.
This caused its intramuscular injection, since it lingers in it, gradually getting into the blood. If the drug is introduced under the skin, it will be transported very slowly into the blood. Therefore, a lump is formed at the injection site. The vaccine will have to be redone, as its effectiveness in this case will be in doubt.
It is strictly forbidden to be vaccinated in the buttocks, since here the muscles are located deep and a large layer of subcutaneous fat. Small children are vaccinated in the thigh, as the muscle tissue here passes near the skin and is quite developed. Inoculation is given to older students in the upper part of the arm - the forearm, as well as under the shoulder blade.
Vaccine response
I would like to immediately note that any reaction to vaccination is the norm. It can be mild or severe, but all these symptoms are not pathological, and they pass with time. It is she who shows that the body fights and develops immunity. Vaccination reactions pass without leaving a trace in most cases. Light and severe reactions, inherently, have the same symptoms, differ in severity. They are similar to the side effects of DTP.
For most people, the temperature can rise to 37 degrees. This symptom is mild. In others, the temperature can rise to 39-40 degrees. This happens in severe form. After the injection, local reactions appear (directly at the injection site):
- redness,
- seal
- the appearance of heat at the injection site,
- edema.
Leave it as it is. Do not warm, rub the injection site, as this can cause suppuration. General reactions may also appear:
- fever
- reduced reaction
- feeling of anxiety
- indigestion with diarrhea and vomiting.
It must be remembered that symptoms appear on the first day after vaccination, but not in a few days. It is necessary to deal with them by all available methods. To drink antipyretic, painkillers. If diarrhea or vomiting occurs, appropriate medications must be used. If the child has an allergic reaction to any component of ADSM, such as diphtheria, then a tetanus vaccine is given at age 14. Or vice versa.
The ADSM preparation contains aluminum hydroxide, which causes local reactions accompanied by pain. As it enters the bloodstream, they spread throughout the body, causing fever, aches and pain. This can be considered a normal response to the vaccine.
Complications after vaccination
Although vaccination is considered severe, complications are rare. But they are still there. It:
- Allergic reactions.
- Meningitis and encephalitis.
- Shock.
With the introduction of ADSM, neurological disorders were not registered. This can be explained by the fact that tetanus and diphtheria toxoids do not interact with the meninges and nerve tissues. Before vaccination, a medical examination is required. If you have a cold or a viral infection, you should not vaccinate. Better to spend a little later.
Contraindications
There are few ADSM vaccines. It is forbidden to vaccinate in some conditions:
- Pregnancy.
- Acutely the current period of any disease.
- Weak immunity.
- An allergic reaction to any component in the vaccine.
- Acute reaction to the previous vaccination.
Therefore, there should not be any amateur activities. Mandatory consultation with a doctor is required before the procedure. No one has also abolished all the rules for vaccination.
Vaccination rules
For vaccination, disposable syringes are needed. They must be sterile. It is forbidden to administer other drugs with this syringe. As intended, it should be used only once.
ADSM vaccination can be given along with other vaccinations, except for BCG. They should be performed in different parts of the body.
Vaccine preparations are stored in the refrigerator, but are not frozen. Russian pharmaceutical companies produce the vaccine in ampoules, which contain several doses. As a rule, a preservative is added there. They are thiomersal, a mercury-based preservative. It is best to purchase a single dose of the drug, packaged in a disposable syringe. He is without a preservative. It costs more, but foreign components do not enter the body.
The vaccine is injected intramuscularly. The place may be the shoulder, thigh, or the area under the shoulder blade.
Vaccination is recommended on an empty stomach and for some time after the procedure, do not eat or drink.