The human hands are not as strong as the legs, but they perform a variety of manipulations that help in the study and knowledge of the world.
Hand bones
They are the most maneuverable in the human body. The shoulder girdle and finger dexterity contribute to this. So, we consider in more detail the bones of the skeleton of the arm.
Brachial bone. In the upper part, it is spherical in shape, which corresponds to a small cavity of the scapula. Due to the slight deepening and free connective ligaments, the arms are more mobile limbs than the legs. The humerus bones of the arm are located in its upper part.
The lower part of the upper limb consists of two bones: the radial and ulnar. The latter is connected with the humerus with the help of the articulated joint, and the first has the ability to rotate around the second. This is due to the bending of the arm and its lower muscles.
The surface of the bones has its own characteristics. This is clearly visible on the humerus, where, with the help of its head, an internal bulge of the muscle is formed. With a bent arm, three tubercles appear on the elbow. They owe their location to the end of the humerus and the beginning of the ulna, the rounded head of which is clearly visible on the wrist.
Radial bones of the hands. Structure
They are located in the forearm and are endowed with two departments: distal and proximal. The radial bones of the hand develop due to ossification points, which, in turn, arise in the process of development of the human body. This occurs in the second, fifth to sixth, eighth to eleventh, ninth to tenth years of life.
With the growth of bone fragments in the human body becomes larger. It becomes more difficult to determine whether this area is developing normally or if there is a pathology. At the age of twenty years of age, synostosis occurs. If for some reason the bone nucleus has not connected to a part of the bone on the elbow, there is a high probability of the appearance of an unstable bone.
Hand structure
Her skeleton consists of wrists, metacarpals, and fingers.
- The wrist is represented in the human body by 8 short spongy bones located in two rows: the upper (proximal) and lower (distal). Accordingly, in the first are: pisiform, trihedral, lunate and scaphoid bones. In the second: hook-shaped, capitate, trapezoidal and polygonal. The surface of each arm bone has articular areas. With their help, articulation with the bones in the neighborhood occurs.
- The metacarpus is represented by 5 short tubular bones, each of which has a base, a trihedral body with thickened ends and a head. Due to this structure, the metacarpal bones, when connected to each other, have interosseous septa, and on the palm side they are convex, and on the back side they are concave.
- A person has five fingers: thumb, forefinger, middle, ring and pinky. The phalanges are short bones in the form of tubes. Each finger, except the first, has three phalanges: proximal, middle and distal. The thumb has only two: the longest is the proximal and the shortest is the distal. Each phalanx is endowed with a base, body and head. The bones of the hand are equipped with nutrient holes through which vessels with substances necessary for bones and nerve fibers pass.
Why does pain occur in the hands?
Most often, the bones of the arm hurt during fractures, sprains and tears of the ligaments. In addition to mechanical damage, the cause of pain can be:
- Muscle strain due to excessive physical exertion.
- Uncomfortable position of the hand or monotonous movements that a person makes with a brush for a long time.
If these causes cause pain in the hands, you need to reduce the load on them or not move them at all for some time. But, we must not forget that it is precisely such pains that are sometimes a sign of some disease of the bones, muscles or nerves. Therefore, if they do not pass for a long time, you should consult a doctor.
Sometimes even at rest, without any load, pain in the joints of the hands does not pass. It can be assumed that this is inflammation or, worse, arthritis. Here, the help of a specialist will not hurt.
Very often people get household injuries. The lion's share of blows falls on hands. A person may not immediately realize that he has a fracture, and he blames severe pain for a bruise. This happens because in some cases with a fracture of a bone in the hand, symptoms are clearly not visible.
Sometimes pain can be given to the upper limb. If the bones of the left hand hurt, one can assume a heart attack or myocardial infarction, which is accompanied by:
- Pain behind the sternum.
- Labored breathing.
- Blanching, nausea.
- The appearance of cold sweat.
- Inexplicable anxiety.
In this case, you should immediately call an ambulance.
Wrist. Offset fracture
Signs of such a fracture of the wrist bones are pain and swelling. An accurate diagnosis can be made using radiography. But, a fracture of the arm bone with a displacement in this area is extremely rare. The prognosis for the healing of such a fracture is unfavorable, since the intraosseous vessels, which serve as a source of nutrition , are damaged . In this case, a false joint may form , and a disease such as bone necrosis may develop. It is usually removed surgically.
Fractures that result in metacarpal bones occur as a result of direct violence on this part of the arm. Such damage is characterized by swelling, bone shape change, soreness, impaired motor ability. The metacarpal bones of the hand in the event of a fracture with a displacement are first manually adjusted. Then a langeta is applied from the back of the forearm and hand: from the elbow joint to the phalanges of the fingers in the area of their joint. On the palm side, its position is fixed by an arc-shaped wire splint.
Finger phalanges are usually injured at home or at work. Fractures are often open. If they are biased, it is not difficult to establish a diagnosis. Treatment begins with surgical treatment of the wound. Then they set the bones in their places and put on a tire, which can be removed after three weeks. Full working capacity is possible after a month and a half.
Regardless of which bones of the arm underwent a fracture, it is necessary to carry out physiotherapy exercises from the first days of the injury . At the aftercare stage, physiotherapeutic procedures and massage help well.
Radius. Fracture
This type of injury involves a complete or partial violation of the structure of bone tissue. When the radial bones of the arm undergo fractures, the cause should be sought in excessive loads that are on the injured area. In a fracture with a displacement, there is a direct effect of force on the radius. This usually happens when falling on an outstretched arm, when the bone fragments are displaced depending on its stay in one or another position at the time of the fall.
First aid
In case of any shoulder fracture, it is necessary for the victim to enter an anesthetic. For this, a one percent solution of Promedol is suitable, one milliliter is enough. After this, the tire should be applied, only correctly.
The victim’s hand should be taken to the side and bent at the elbow at an angle of ninety degrees. Next, put a cotton ball or bandage in the brush, while the fingers should not be extended. Place a fabric roll in the armpit area. To fix it, a bandage is passed through a healthy shoulder. In the absence of special tools, you can use improvised materials, such as tablets. Transport the victim only in a sitting position.
If the injury is an open fracture, it will be accompanied by bleeding. To stop it, apply a tight bandage from the bandage to the place of damage. If the blood does not stop, a tourniquet is applied.
Causes of bone pain
Many people have bones in their arms or legs due to bad weather, after great physical exertion, or just like that, for no reason. Why, try to figure it out.
- Very often the bones of the arms and legs hurt in people of advanced age. The fact is that an elderly person has senile degenerative changes in the osteoarticular system. With age, the bones become thinner, they begin to lose collagen, calcium and many other minerals. As a result of all these changes, they become weaker and more fragile.
- Well-fed people often experience pain in the bones of their legs. They are provoked by excessive stress. In this case, you can treat them as much as you like, but this will not help until the person normalizes his weight.
- People who experience great physical exertion daily suffer from pain in the bones of their hands and feet. This is due to the fact that the metabolism is disturbed and the nutrients of bone tissue are intensively wasted. Pain is primarily associated with a deficiency of some substances necessary for the nutrition of bone tissue.
- The cause of pain in the bones of the arms and legs can be bruises, fractures, tumors, autoimmune and infectious diseases, allergies, others leukemia.
Injury Prevention
Fractures can be prevented if the following rules are observed:
- If possible, walk in places of good lighting.
- When choosing shoes, pay attention to the sole: it is better if it is with carved notches.
- Use calcium-fortified foods to strengthen bones.
- During the winter season, bypass slippery paths.
- Strengthen the muscles and skeleton of the arms and legs with feasible loads.
- Try to adhere to an active and healthy lifestyle.